Gamera the Giant Monster (1965)

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Credits for Gamera the Giant Monster


Gamera films
None
Gamera the Giant Monster
Gamera vs. Barugon
Gamera the Giant Monster
The Japanese poster for Gamera the Giant Monster
Alternate titles
Flagicon United States.png Gammera the Invincible (1966)
See alternate titles
Directed by Noriaki Yuasa
Producer Hidemasa Nagata
Written by Nisan Takahashi
Music by Tadashi Yamauchi
Special
effects by
Yonesaburo Tsukiji
Production company Daiei Tokyo Studio
Distributor DaieiJP, Harris Associates, Inc.US
Budget ¥40 million[1]
Running time 78 minutesJP
(1 hour, 18 minutes)
86 minutesUS(Harris Associates theatrical release)
(1 hour, 26 minutes)
81 minutesUS(King Features video version)
(1 hour, 21 minutes)
Aspect ratio 2.35:1
Rate this film!
3.62
(45 votes)

Striking down jets, grabbing hold of the Tokyo Tower, flying through the air breathing fire, the giant monster of the century! (ジェット機をたたき落とし、東京ターをわし摑み、火を吐いて空を飛ぶ世紀の大怪獣!)
„ 

— Tagline

The super-monster even the H-bomb cannot destroy...
CAN PLAN "Z" STOP GAMMERA THE INVINCIBLE
SEE Gammera Attack from Outer Space
SEE Gammera Destroy Entire Cities
SEE Gammera Fight the Mightiest Nuclear Armies
SEE Gammera Unleash His Power and Fury Against the Most Destructive Weapons Known To Man
SEE The Mystery of the Flying Saucers Solved
„ 

— American tagline

Gamera the Giant Monster (大怪獣ガメラ,   Daikaijū Gamera) is a 1965 tokusatsu kaiju film directed by Noriaki Yuasa and written by Nisan Takahashi, with special effects by Yonesaburo Tsukiji. Produced by Daiei's Tokyo Studio, it is the first entry in the Gamera series as well as the franchise's Showa series. It stars Eiji Funakoshi, Junichiro Yamashita, Michiko Sugata, Harumi Kiritachi, and Yoshiro Uchida. The film was released to Japanese theaters by Daiei on November 27, 1965, as a double feature with New Kurama Tengu: The Battle of Gojo Hill. Harris Associates, Inc. produced a heavily-edited English language version of the film directed by Sandy Howard and written by Richard Kraft titled Gammera the Invincible. This version features additional newly-filmed scenes starring English-speaking actors, including Albert Dekker, Brian Donlevy, Diane Findlay, John Baragrey, and Dick O'Neill. World Entertainment Corp. released this version of the film to American theaters on December 15, 1966.

The film which introduced the giant turtle kaiju to audiences, Gamera the Giant Monster begins with a dogfight between American and unidentified aircraft over the Arctic, resulting in a nuclear bomb being detonated. This detonation breaks open the ice and unleashes Gamera, a legendary giant turtle believed to have inhabited the lost continent of Atlantis. Gamera begins a rampage that leads him to Japan, where the JSDF finds itself powerless to stop him. Now Dr. Hidaka, his assistant Kyoko, and photographer Aoyagi must cooperate with the JSDF to find a method to stop Gamera before Tokyo falls to the beast. Gamera the Giant Monster proved successful enough to result in a sequel, Gamera vs. Barugon, in 1966, beginning a long-running film series.

Plot

Dr. Hidaka, accompanied by his assistant Kyoko Yamamoto and photographer Aoyagi, travels to an Eskimo settlement in the Arctic aboard the vessel Chidori Maru to look into the myth of an unusual species of turtle mentioned in their folklore. As Dr. Hidaka confers with the Eskimo chief, several unidentified stealth aircraft fly over the area. The captain of the Chidori Maru contacts a nearby American military base, which scrambles several fighter jets to intercept the unidentified aircraft. When the aircraft do not respond to the American fighters' warnings and open fire on them, the American planes fire their missiles and successfully shoot down one of the stealth aircraft. The aircraft crashes onto an icy plain several miles away from the Eskimo village and explodes. Watching the explosion from afar, Hidaka and his crew realize that the aircraft must have been carrying nuclear weapons, as a mushroom cloud becomes visible over the Arctic. Though Hidaka and the village are a safe distance from the nuclear detonation, the explosion cracks open the Arctic ice and a gigantic bipedal turtle emerges from the crevice. The creature roars ferociously and makes its way to the Chidori Maru, smashing it with its colossal arms and killing all aboard. As Hidaka and his crew prepare to leave, the Eskimo chief presents him with a stone carving, which depicts a giant turtle among what appear to be waves. Hidaka asks the chief if this is the legendary giant turtle that lived on the lost continent of Atlantis, and the chief replies that it is indeed the "Devil's Envoy," Gamera.

Following the sinking of the Chidori Maru, Hidaka travels to New York City to answer questions from the press regarding Gamera. Hidaka says that Gamera was in very close proximity to the nuclear explosion that freed him from his icy prison, so he will eventually perish from the lethal dose of radiation he absorbed. Hidaka remarks that it is a shame, as Gamera would have been a valuable scientific specimen. Meanwhile, flying saucers are being sighted all across the globe, especially in Japan. While returning to Japan aboard a plane, Hidaka, Aoyagi and Kyoko remark that since Gamera is likely lying dead on the sea floor, flying saucers have become the new craze. In a small village in Hokkaido, Nobuyo Sakurai is informed by a schoolteacher that her little brother, Toshio, has been a disruption in school because he has been bringing turtles to class. Nobuyo promises that she will talk to Toshio about it, and at dinner that night she and her father tell Toshio that he must let his pet turtle, Chibi, return to the wild. Toshio reluctantly takes Chibi out near the ocean and places him in a small shelter built from rocks, promising that he will be back to see him tomorrow. As Toshio turns to go back home, he sees Gamera appear over the cliffside. He runs to his sister to warn her, and they look up to see Gamera begin climbing ashore. Toshio runs into the lighthouse in the village, but Gamera swings his arm and breaks the lighthouse in half, leaving Toshio hanging for his life from a rail. As Toshio loses his grip and falls, Gamera catches him in his hand and gently sets him down on the ground before returning to the sea.

After learning that Gamera is still alive and in Hokkaido, Hidaka, Kyoko and Aoyagi travel there to consult with Professor Murase and the JSDF to discuss countermeasures. When Gamera lands at a power plant, Murase determines that Gamera possesses a sort of internal furnace that allows him to feed on inorganic materials like coal, petroleum, fire, and nuclear material, then convert them into organic substances and use them for sustenance. Hidaka tells the JSDF to hold off on firing at Gamera, and use the high-tension wires around the plant to repel him. To their surprise, Gamera tears through the wires and seems to draw power from them. Hidaka tells the JSDF to open fire on Gamera with their artillery, but it has no effect either. Murase concludes that Gamera's body tissues are so dense that they are stronger than even the strongest metal alloys, so he is completely immune to conventional weaponry. With Gamera rampaging across Hokkaido, the JSDF is left with no option but to contact the American military and ask for a nuclear strike against Gamera. However, Hidaka is informed of an experimental cadmium freezing bomb developed by the JSDF, and decides that it may be effective against Gamera. Hidaka tells the JSDF to cancel the nuclear strike, as Gamera withstood a nuclear explosion at point-blank range and only grew stronger, and instead lure Gamera to a hilltop and drop the freezing bombs on him. Once Gamera reaches the summit of a hill, several freezing bombs are dropped onto Gamera, covering him in ice and rendering him immobile. As the freezing bombs are only effective for ten minutes, JSDF soldiers scramble quickly to plant dynamite on the hill while Gamera is frozen, then detonate it, sending Gamera tumbling down the hill and causing him to land on his back. The JSDF celebrates, believing Gamera will be helpless on his back and eventually die of starvation. To everyone's shock, Gamera retracts his head and limbs into his shell, then begins to spew flames from the openings. Gamera floats up from the ground and begins spinning rapidly, then flies off into the distance. Hidaka realizes that the Eskimo carving does not show Gamera among waves, but rather clouds, and that the "flying saucer" sightings were actually sightings of Gamera while he was flying.

Gamera is sighted around the world, but thankfully has not attacked a major populated area. When bizarre shipwrecks and flooding begin occurring around the Tokyo Bay area, Hidaka determines that Gamera is sleeping under the bay, and will inevitably come ashore. Hidaka meets with representatives from both the United States and the Soviet Union, and together they form one last countermeasure against Gamera: Z-Plan. As Z-Plan is prepared at Izu Oshima, Gamera comes ashore that night and ravages Tokyo. To keep Gamera occupied until Z-Plan is completed, trains filled with petroleum are sent towards Gamera so he can feed on them. Toshio, having moved to live with his uncle in Tokyo while his home in Hokkaido is repaired, climbs aboard one of these trains so he can get a closer look at Gamera. Since Chibi was nowhere to be found after he returned to visit him, Toshio believes Chibi turned into Gamera, and that Gamera is his friend. A worker sees Toshio on the train and pulls him off of it just as it crashes, then tells him to go home. Nobuyo is preparing to evacuate the city, but cannot find Toshio, who stows away on a ship bound for Izu Oshima. On Oshima, Hidaka and the JSDF make the final preparations for Z-Plan. A trail of petroleum is laid from Tokyo all the way to the island, then is ignited at nightfall. Gamera sees the flames and follows them to the island, but a typhoon hits the island and extinguishes the flames. Aoyagi, having sneaked onto the island posing as a laborer, sets the tents on the island ablaze to keep drawing Gamera there. Gamera sees the fire and begins to come ashore, but the typhoon increases in intensity and blows the flames out. Fortunately, Mount Mihara briefly erupts, and the eruption draws Gamera further inland. With Gamera successfully lured to Izu Oshima, Z-Plan can finally be enacted.

The following morning, Nobuyo comes to the island and is reunited with Toshio, who wants to observe Z-Plan as it is put into motion. Using fuel from an underground silo, flames are shot from holes in the ground near the center of the island. Gamera is drawn into the middle of these towers of flame, and becomes trapped when the ground opens up and a huge capsule closes around him. The capsule is actually attached to a rocket ship, which launches from the island and exits the atmosphere, bound for Mars. While Gamera could not be vanquished on Earth, the world is now safe from his terror as he is banished to the barren plains of Mars. When asked if he is sad that Gamera is gone, Toshio replies that he is not, and vows he will travel to Mars and visit him someday. Toshio waves as the Z-Plan Rocket enters outer space, and wishes Gamera goodbye.

Staff

Main article: Gamera the Giant Monster/Credits.

Staff role on the left, staff member's name on the right.

Gammera the Invincible

  • Directed by   Sandy Howard
  • Written by   Richard Kraft
  • Executive producer   Ken Barnett
  • Associate producer   Robert Baron
  • Cinematography by   Julian Townsend
  • Edited by   Ross-Gaffney Inc.
  • Production design by   Hank Aldrich
  • First assistant director   Sid Cooperschmidt

Cast

Actor's name on the left, character played on the right.

  • Eiji Funakoshi   as   Dr. Hidaka, zoologist
  • Junichiro Yamashita   as   Aoyagi, photographer
  • Michiko Sugata   as   Nobuyo Sakurai, Toshio's sister
  • Harumi Kiritachi   as   Kyoko Yamamoto, Hidaka's assistant
  • Yoshiro Kitahara   as   Mr. Sakurai, Toshio's father
  • Bokuzen Hidari   as   old farmer
  • Jun Hamamura   as   Professor Murase
  • Jutaro Hojo   as   Self-Defense Force commander
  • Yoshio Yoshida   as   Eskimo chief
  • Kenji Oyama   as   minister of defense
  • Jun Osanai   as   Chidori Maru captain
  • Koji Fujiyama   as   Refinery staff
  • Ichigen Ohashi   as   Mr. Ueda
  • Munehiko Takada   as   Soviet representative
  • Kenichi Tani   as   officer
  • Tsutomu Nakata   as   Toshio's uncle
  • Yuji Moriya   as   news announcer
  • Osamu Maruyama   as   Atomic Energy Research Institute chief
  • Yoshiro Uchida   as   Toshio Sakurai
  • Toshio Maki   as   Atomic Energy Research Institute staff A
  • Kazuo Sumida   as   Atomic Energy Research Institute staff B
  • Rin Sugimori   as   police station chief
  • Fumiko Murata   as   old farmer's wife
  • Tetsuro Takeuchi   as   Japan Broadcasting Station announcer
  • Kyosuke Shiho   as   fish seller A
  • Ken Nakahara   as   fish seller C
  • Kazuo Mori   as   Chidori Maru radioman

Actor's name on the left, character played on the right.

  • Shunji Sayama   as   fish seller B
  • Daihachi Kita   as   Chidori Maru navigator
  • Kenji Ohba   as   Self-Defense Force soldier B
  • Yasuo Araki   as   Self-Defense Force soldier A
  • Daigo Inoue   as   Self-Defense Force adjutant
  • Shin Minatsu   as   Sapporo Broadcasting Station announcer
  • Akira Shimizu   as   dancing youth
  • Shinichi Matsuyama   as   operator A
  • Ikuji Oka   as   U.S. fighter pilot
  • Fujii Tatsushi   as   official at Haneda Airport
  • Kenichiro Yamane   as   geothermal station engineer
  • Wakayo Matsumura   as   customer
  • Chiduru Ko   as   stripper A (deleted scene)
  • Ryoko Oki   as   stripper B (deleted scene)
  • Takehiko Goto   as   Self-Defense Force Cessna pilot
  • Toichiro Kagawa   as   operator B
  • Ichiro Ise   as   reporter A
  • Shinji Sahara   as   reporter B
  • Hajime Munechika   as   reporter C
  • Himawari Theatrical Troupe
  • M. Apanay
  • Richardson   as   U.S. Arctic Base personnel
  • Streihan   as   U.S. Arctic Base personnel
  • Ranson   as   U.S. Arctic Base personnel
  • Brown   as   U.S. Arctic Base personnel
  • Hartman   as   U.S. Arctic Base personnel

Gammera the Invincible

  • Albert Dekker   as   secretary of defense
  • Brian Donlevy   as   General Terry Arnold
  • Diane Findlay   as   Sergeant Susan Embers
  • John Baragrey   as   J.T. Standish
  • Dick O'Neill   as   General O'Neill
  • Mort Marshall   as   Jules Manning
  • Alan Oppenheimer   as   Dr. Contrare
  • Steffen Zacharias   as   Senator Billings
  • Thomas Stubblefield   as   Captain Lovell
  • Gene Bua   as   Lieutenant Clark
  • Bob Carraway   as   Lieutenant Simpson
  • John McCurry   as   A1C Hopkins
  • Walter Arnold   as   American ambassador
  • Louis Zorich   as   Russian ambassador
  • Robin Craven   as   British ambassador
  • Bernard Grant   as   Dr. Hidaka (voice)
  • Larry Robinson   as   Aoyagi (voice)
  • Paulette Rubinstein   as   Kyoko Yamamoto (voice)
  • Lucy Martin   as   Nobuyo Sakurai (voice)
  • Corrine Orr   as   Toshio Sakurai (voice)
  • Peter Fernandez   as   Mr. Ueda (voice)
  • Kenneth Harvey   as   Chidori Maru navigator (voice)
  • Jack Curtis   as   news announcer (voice)
  • William Griffis   as   misc. roles (voice)

Appearances

Monsters

Weapons, vehicles, and races

Gallery

Main article: Gamera the Giant Monster/Gallery.

Soundtrack

Main article: Gamera the Giant Monster/Soundtrack.

Alternate titles

  • Gamera: The Invincible (English Japanese DVD title)
  • Gammera the Invincible (United States)
  • Gamera (U.S. syndication title)
  • Gamera: The Giant Monster (alternate U.S. video title)
  • Gamera - Frankenstein's Monster from the Ice (Gamera - Frankensteins Monster aus dem Eis; Germany)
  • The World Under Terror (El mundo bajo el terror, Spain)

Theatrical releases

View all posters for the film here.

  • Japan - November 27, 1965  [view poster]Japanese poster
  • United States - December 15, 1966  [view poster]American poster
  • Thailand - 1966
  • Spain - June 1967

U.S. release

U.S. Gammera the Invincible poster

Gamera the Giant Monster was the only film in the Showa Gamera series to receive a theatrical release in the United States. It was originally presented in America by World Entertainment Corp. and Harris Associates, Inc., who released it under the title Gammera the Invincible, with Gamera spelled with two "m"s. Five of the seven subsequent entries in the series spelled the main character's English name "Gamera" and were released directly to television by American International Television. Gammera the Invincible's American premiere was in New Orleans on December 15, 1966.

Gammera the Invincible was heavily re-edited from its original Japanese version. Shots and scenes were moved around, while some were deleted completely. The subplot involving Aoyagi's one-sided relationship with Kyoko was removed and Toshio's role in the plot was de-emphasized. Gamera's implied origins and connections to the Atlantean continent were also excised, and authorities are made initially unsure of Gamera's existence. New footage featuring American actors, including Albert Dekker and Brian Donlevy, was spliced in to create a more international feel and to replace scenes shot in Japan featuring American characters, in a style similar to the U.S. release of Godzilla, King of the Monsters!. Unused effects footage obtained from Daiei was also reinserted as establishing shots and included extensions to Gamera's attack on the geothermal power plant and Toshio's encounter with Gamera at the oil refinery.

Gammera the Invincible was dubbed by Titan Productions, Inc. It features the voices of Jack Curtis and Peter Fernandez, who are best known as voices in the English dubs of the TV series Speed Racer and Ultraman. A 1999 VHS by Neptune Media was the first version to present the film in its original aspect ratio. In 2017, an incomplete 35mm print of Gammera the Invincible was acquired and scanned by Legend Films, Inc. and released in high definition on Amazon Video for streaming and download. Arrow Video has announced that the Gammera version of the film will be included in the complete Gamera set coming out this summer.[2]

In 1985, Sandy Frank Enterprises commissioned a new dub of the film, possibly recorded at Anvil Studios,[3] which was first released on VHS on July 14, 1987[4] on Celebrity Home Entertainment's "Feature Creatures" label. A planned computer-colorized version of the film was scrapped when results of a Celebrity poll showed fans would prefer the original black and white release.[5] Titled Gamera, the Sandy Frank version is based on the Japanese version of the film, albeit with minimal differences. Credits are superimposed over footage of ocean waves and placed at the beginning of the film, although the sequence with Gamera escaping the Arctic ice remains in the film, sans credits. Gamera's raid on the geothermal power plant was also edited differently in this version.[6]

Gamera, along with the other four Sandy Frank-released Gamera movies, was mocked twice on Mystery Science Theater 3000, first on KTMA TV 23, a UHF station in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, and later in the show's third season. Kevin Murphy, who played Tom Servo in the show from Seasons 2-10, later riffed the Gammera the Invincible version of the film with Bill Corbett, who played Crow from Seasons 8-10, and Michael J. Nelson for Rifftrax.[7]

Region 1 DVD releases of the film by Shout! Factory and Mill Creek Entertainment present it in its original uncut Japanese version with English subtitles, under the English title Gamera: The Giant Monster. The Gammera the Invincible version of the film was released for the first time on Blu-ray by Arrow Video as part of its Gamera: The Complete Collection box set, which also includes the original Japanese cut under the title Gamera the Giant Monster.

Video releases

Daiei Video DVD (2001)

  • Region: 2
  • Discs: 1
  • Audio: Japanese (Mono)
  • Special features: Cast and crew bios, theatrical trailer, Gamera anatomy, interviews with director Noriaki Yuasa (approximately 1:30) and special effects director Yonesaburo Tsukiji (approximately 2:30)
  • Notes: Only the movie itself has English subtitles. Out of print.

Shout! Factory DVD (2010)

  • Region: 1
  • Discs: 1
  • Audio: Japanese (1.0 Mono)
  • Special features: Audio commentary by August Ragone, 10-page booklet, trailer, gallery of publicity materials, "A Retrospective Look at the Gamera Franchise" featurette (23 minutes)

Mill Creek DVD (2014) [Gamera: The Legacy Collection]

Mill Creek Blu-ray (2014) [Gamera: The Ultimate Collection Volume 1]

Arrow Video Blu-ray (2020/2021) [Gamera: The Complete Collection and Gamera: The Showa Era]

  • Region: A and B
  • Discs: 8 (The Complete Collection) or 4 (The Showa Era)
  • Audio: Japanese and both English dubs (DTS-HD Master Audio Mono)
  • Subtitles: English
  • Special features: Audio commentary by August Ragone, introduction by August Ragone (13 minutes), Japanese and American theatrical trailers, American video promo, 1991 Remembering the Gamera Series featurette (23 minutes), Noriaki Yuasa interview (13 minutes), 1991 Gamera Special fight scene compilation (58 minutes), opening and end credits from the Sandy Frank version of the film (5 minutes), and an image gallery. Gamera: The Complete Collection includes 12 art cards by Matt Frank, a map of Gamera's appearances throughout the world, and two books; the first collects A History of Gamera by Patrick Macias, a 1996 Noriaki Yuasa interview by David Milner, kaiju x-ray illustrations by Jolyan Yates, three Fangoria articles on the Heisei Gamera trilogy by Norman England, a guide to the English dubs of the Gamera series by James Flower, and information on the transfers presented in the set, while the second reprints the comics Gamera and The Last Hope.
  • Notes: Gamera: The Complete Collection is out of print. Packaged with the other 11 Gamera films in The Complete Colection and the other seven Showa Gamera films in The Showa Era. Due to the large number of special features in these sets, only the supplements on the Gamera the Giant Monster disc are described above.

Kadokawa released Gamera the Giant Monster on Blu-ray in 2009, with additional DVD releases in 2010 and 2016. Further information is not available yet.

Videos

Trailers

Japanese trailer
English subtitled Japanese trailer (taken from the Neptune Media VHS)
U.S. Gammera the Invincible trailer
King Features Entertainment Gamera TV spots
Celebrity Home Entertainment Gamera video promo

Miscellaneous

Daiei-filmed footage exclusive to Gammera the Invincible
Theme song from Gammera the Invincible by The Moons
Mystery Science Theater 3000 episode K05 - Gamera
Roger Corman hosts Gamera the Giant Monster for AMC Monsterfest 1999

Trivia

  • Like Godzilla (1954), Gamera the Giant Monster shows evidence of inspiration from The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953). Similar to the Rhedosaurus, Gamera is awakened from his slumber in the Arctic by a nuclear explosion released by an aircraft.[8]
  • This film is the only one in the Gamera series where Gamera does not fight another monster.
  • In a scene that was filmed but ultimately cut, Toshio's classmates bullied him for not wanting to build model kits or listen to music with them. One of those kids was played by Tôru Furuya, who would go on to become a prominent voice actor, his roles including Seiya in Saint Seiya, Yamcha in the various Dragon Ball series, Tuxedo Mask in Sailor Moon, and Amuro Ray in Mobile Suit Gundam.
  • Gamera was originally supposed to be called "Kamera" ("kame" being the Japanese word for "turtle"), but the name was judged to be too similar to the English word "camera."[citation needed]
  • Daiei president Masaichi Nagata claimed he came up with the idea for Gamera when he looked out the window of a plane and saw a cloud that looked like a turtle (a story that parallels Tomoyuki Tanaka's yarn about Godzilla's origin almost exactly). P Productions founder Tomio Sagisu disputes this story, saying that Daiei stole one of the monster ideas he had for a half-hour kaiju TV series. The proposed series was rejected by all of Japan's major studios, Daiei included, for the high budget it would require. Apparently, one of his teleplays included the description "the turtle monster flies by pulling its head into its shell and shooting flames."
  • The Gamera suit used for the majority of filming was 6 ½ feet tall and 110 pounds, built by brothers Kanju Yagi and Yasuei Yagi, who also built the Godzilla suit used in the first Godzilla film. A second, heavier suit was used for fire-breathing scenes so as to better protect the actor inside.[citation needed]
  • All of the stuntmen Daiei hired to play Gamera for this film quit in short order, forcing the special effects staff to draw lots to determine who would climb into the suit each day. Kazuo Yagi did the most time. Gamera would be played by actor Teruo Aragaki for his next three film appearances, and Umenosuke Izumi for the following two.
  • The original script called for Toshio to have a dream in which he played with Gamera.[citation needed]
  • Gamera's fire was created with pressurized propane. Rumor has it that one of the small mechanical models used during a fire-eating scene exploded during filming.[citation needed]
  • The Gammera the Invincible version of Gamera the Giant Monster is one of seven giant monster movies which can be viewed in its entirety within the 2022 video game Kaiju Wars, along with A*P*E, Attack of the Monsters, Destroy All Planets, Pulgasari, Tarantula, and Yongary, Monster from the Deep.

References

This is a list of references for Gamera the Giant Monster. These citations are used to identify the reliable sources on which this article is based. These references appear inside articles in the form of superscript numbers, which look like this: [1]

  1. Stuart Galbraith IV (1998). Monsters Are Attacking Tokyo! The Incredible World of Japanese Fantasy Films. Feral House. p. 74. ISBN 0-922915-47-4.
  2. [1]
  3. [2]
  4. Variety 1987-07-08 Gamera CHE.png
  5. Variety 1987-05-27 Gamera CHE.png
  6. Giant Monster Gamera - Geothermal Power Plant Attack (Version Comparison)
  7. [3]
  8. "Literature". Vol. 8. Iwanami Shoten. 1990. p. 151 – via Google Books. Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)

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