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{{Tab
{{Tab
|soundtrack=The War of the Gargantuas (Soundtrack)
|soundtrack   =The War of the Gargantuas/Soundtrack
|credits      =The War of the Gargantuas/Credits
}}
}}
{{Infobox Film|ratings=yes
{{Infobox Film|ratings=yes
|type1       =???
|type1       =???
|type2       =Rock
|type2       =Rock
|image       =War of the Gargantuas.jpg
|image       =War of the Gargantuas.jpg
|caption     =The Japanese poster for The War of the Gargantuas
|caption     =The Japanese poster for The War of the Gargantuas
|name       =''The War of the Gargantuas''|titles=yes|alt-titles=yes
|name         =''The War of the Gargantuas''|titles=yes|alt-titles=yes
|jp-title   =''Frankenstein's Monsters:<br>Sanda vs. Gaira'' (1966)
|jp-title     =''Frankenstein's Monsters:<br>Sanda vs. Gaira'' (1966)
|dt         =''The War of the Gargantuas'' (1966)
|dt           =''The War of the Gargantuas'' (1966)
|producer   =[[Reuben Bercovitch]]<br>[[Henry Saperstein]]<br>[[Tomoyuki Tanaka]]<br>[[Kenichiro Tsunoda]]
|producer     =[[Tomoyuki Tanaka]], Kenichiro Tsunoda, [[Henry G. Saperstein]], [[Reuben Bercovitch]]
|director   =[[Ishiro Honda]]
|director     =[[Ishiro Honda]]
|writer     =[[Reuben Bercovitch]]<br>[[Kaoru Mabuchi]]<br>[[Ishiro Honda]]
|writer       =[[Kaoru Mabuchi]], [[Ishiro Honda]];<br>[[Reuben Bercovitch]] (story)
|composer   =[[Akira Ifukube]]
|composer     =[[Akira Ifukube]]
|distributor =[[Toho]]{{sup|[[Japan|JP]]}}<br>Maron Films{{sup|[[United States|US]]}}
|funded      =[[Toho]], [[Benedict Pictures Corporation|Benedict Pictures]]
|rating     =Not Rated
|produced    =[[Toho]]
|gross       =$3,000,000
|distributor =[[Toho]]{{sup|[[Japan|JP]]}}, Maron Films{{sup|[[United States|U.S.]]}}
|runtime     =88 minutes{{sup|[[Japan|JP]]}}<br />{{Small|(1 hour, 28 minutes)}}<br />92 minutes{{sup|[[United States|US]]}}<br />{{Small|(1 hour, 32 minutes)}}
|rating       =Not Rated
|aspectratio =2.35:1
|gross       =$3 million{{sup|[[United States|U.S.]]}}{{sfn|Ryfle|1998|p=125}}
|runtime     =88 minutes{{sup|[[Japan|JP]]}}<br>{{Small|(1 hour, 28 minutes)}}<br>92 minutes{{sup|[[United States|U.S.]]}}<br>{{Small|(1 hour, 32 minutes)}}
|aspectratio =2.35:1
}}
}}
{{Quote|A crisis, striking from the mountains and the sea! Greater Tokyo is the battlefield of death!|parenthetical=山から海から襲い来る危機!大東京は死の決戦場!|Japanese tagline}}
{{Quote|A crisis, striking from the mountains and the sea! Greater Tokyo is the battlefield of death!|parenthetical=山から海から襲い来る危機!大東京は死の決戦場!|Japanese tagline}}
{{Quote|An important film of our age!|International tagline}}
{{Quote|All brand new!|International tagline}}
{{Quote|Can a country survive when two Gargantuas battle to the death?|American tagline}}
{{Quote|Can a country survive when two Gargantuas battle to the death?|American tagline}}
'''''The War of the Gargantuas''''' {{Nihongo|フランケンシュタインの怪獣 サンダ対ガイラ|Furankenshutain no Kaijū Sanda tai Gaira|lit. ''Frankenstein's Monsters: Sanda vs. Gaira''}} is a [[1966]] [[tokusatsu]] [[:Category:Kaiju Films|kaiju film]] co-produced by [[Toho]] and [[wikipedia:UPA (animation studio)|UPA]] and a loose sequel to ''[[Frankenstein vs. Baragon]]''. It was released to [[Japan]]ese theaters on July 31, 1966.
'''''The War of the Gargantuas''''' {{Nihongo|フランケンシュタインの怪獣 サンダ対ガイラ|Furankenshutain no Kaijū: Sanda tai Gaira|lit. "''Frankenstein's Monsters: Sanda vs. Gaira''"}} is a [[1966]] [[tokusatsu]] [[:Category:Kaiju Films|kaiju film]] directed by [[Ishiro Honda]] and co-written by Honda and [[Kaoru Mabuchi]] from a story by [[Reuben Bercovitch]], with special effects by [[Eiji Tsuburaya]]. Produced by [[Toho]] with co-funding from [[Benedict Pictures Corporation|Benedict Pictures]], it is a loose sequel to the previous year's ''[[Frankenstein vs. Baragon]]''. It stars [[Kenji Sahara]], [[Kumi Mizuno]], [[wikipedia:Russ Tamblyn|Russ Tamblyn]], and [[Jun Tazaki]]. The film was released to [[Japan]]ese theaters by Toho on July 31, 1966. Maron Films released an edited English-dubbed version of the film to [[United States]] theaters on July 29, [[1970]], as part of a double feature with ''[[Invasion of Astro-Monster#U.S. release|Monster Zero]]''.


Following a shipwreck, the lone surviving crew member blames the accident on [[Frankenstein]]. Other disasters soon follow, much to the confusion of Frankenstein's former caregivers [[Paul Stewart]], [[Akemi Togawa]], and Yuzo Majida, who recalled the creature being friendly and never aggressive toward humans. When the [[JSDF]] deploys its newly-developed [[Type 66 Maser Cannon]]s to destroy the rampaging giant, a second brown Gargantua arrives to rescue him. Stewart realizes that the savage green Gargantua, named [[Gaira]], must have regenerated from severed tissue left behind by the brown Gargantua they raised, [[Sanda]]. Sanda soon learns of his brother's habit of eating humans and attacks him, triggering a battle to the death between the brothers in [[Tokyo]]. Akemi pleads to save Sanda from the JSDF while Sanda tries fruitlessly to end his brother's rampage non-violently.
Following a shipwreck, the lone surviving crew member blames the accident on [[Frankenstein]]. Other disasters soon follow, much to the confusion of Frankenstein's former caregivers [[Paul Stewart]], [[Akemi Togawa]], and Yuzo Mamiya, who recalled the creature being friendly and never aggressive toward humans. When the [[JSDF]] deploys its newly-developed [[Type 66 Maser Cannon]]s to destroy the rampaging green giant, a second brown giant arrives to rescue him. Stewart realizes that the savage Green Gargantua, named [[Gaira]], must have regenerated from severed tissue left behind by the Brown Gargantua they raised, named [[Sanda]]. Sanda soon learns of his brother's habit of eating humans and attacks him, triggering a battle to the death between the brothers in [[Tokyo]]. Akemi pleads to save Sanda from the JSDF while Sanda tries fruitlessly to end his brother's rampage non-violently.
{{TOC}}
{{TOC}}
==Plot==
==Plot==
One night, a fishing boat in the waters just off [[Japan]] finds itself under attack by a [[Giant Octopus]]. Just before it can strangle one of the crewmembers to death with its tentacles, the monstrous cephalopod is attacked by a gigantic humanoid creature. After dispatching the Octopus, the giant begins violently attacking the boat and attempting to sink it. Sometime later, one surviving crew member is being held in a hospital. Representatives try to get the story of how the ship sank from him, but he says in terror that the ship was sunk by [[Frankenstein]]. The maritime authority is hesitant to believe that the ship was sunk by this "Gargantua," and dispatches divers to investigate the shipwreck. They uncover the clothes of all of the other four crew members, which are soaked in blood and look as though they were chewed up and spit out. Another boat soon falls victim to the Gargantua and a group of civilians finally witnesses the creature emerge from the water as they try and bring in a fishing net. The maritime authority contacts Frankenstein expert Dr. [[Paul Stewart]] in [[Kyoto]] to ask him if it is possible the Gargantua is the Frankenstein he raised at his institute. He dismisses the notion, stating Frankenstein died at [[Mount Fuji]] and would never live in the sea nor eat humans. Furthermore, reports of huge humanoid footprints in the Japanese Alps have led Stewart to investigate along with his assistant [[Akemi Togawa]], while their colleague Dr. Yuzo Majida travels to investigate a salvaged shipwreck believed to be attacked by the Gargantua. Stewart and Akemi find the footprints in the mountains and accept the possibility they were left behind by Frankenstein, while Majida finds a mucous membrane left behind on the shipwreck. Analysis of the membrane shows that the creature's cells are almost identical to Frankenstein's, and the [[JSDF]] determines that Frankenstein must be behind the attacks. On a cloudy day, the Gargantua comes ashore at [[Haneda Airport]] and terrorizes the fleeing civilians. When the sun peeks through the clouds, the Gargantua immediately runs back to the sea, which Majida determines must mean the monster is averse to bright lights. The three scientists attend a conference in [[Tokyo]] to discuss countermeasures, but Stewart is still of the belief that the Gargantua in the sea and Frankenstein are different individuals.
One night, a fishing boat in the waters just off [[Japan]] finds itself under attack by a [[Giant Octopus]]. Just before it can strangle one of the crew members to death with one of its tentacles, the monstrous cephalopod is attacked by a gigantic green-haired humanoid creature. After dispatching the Octopus, the giant begins violently attacking the boat and attempting to sink it. Sometime later, one surviving crew member is being held in a hospital. Representatives try to get the story of how the ship sank from him, but he says in terror that the ship was sunk by [[Frankenstein]]. The maritime authority is hesitant to believe that the ship was sunk by this "Gargantua," and dispatches divers to investigate the shipwreck. They uncover the clothes of all of the other four crew members, which are soaked in blood and look as though they were chewed up and spit out. Another boat soon falls victim to the Gargantua and a group of civilians finally witnesses the creature emerge from the water as they try and bring in a fishing net. The maritime authority contacts Frankenstein expert Dr. [[Paul Stewart]] in [[Kyoto]] to ask him if it is possible the Gargantua is the Frankenstein he raised at his institute. He dismisses the notion, stating Frankenstein died at [[Mount Fuji]] and would never live in the sea nor eat humans. Furthermore, reports of huge humanoid footprints in the Japanese Alps have led Stewart to investigate along with his assistant [[Akemi Togawa]], while their colleague Dr. Yuzo Mamiya travels to investigate a salvaged shipwreck believed to be attacked by the Gargantua. Stewart and Akemi find the footprints in the mountains and accept the possibility they were left behind by Frankenstein, while Mamiya finds a mucous membrane left behind on the shipwreck. Analysis of the membrane shows that the creature's cells are almost identical to Frankenstein's, and the [[JSDF]] determines that Frankenstein must be behind the attacks. On a cloudy day, the Gargantua comes ashore at [[Haneda Airport]] and terrorizes the fleeing civilians. When the sun peeks through the clouds, the Gargantua immediately runs back to the sea, which Mamiya determines must mean the monster is averse to bright light. The three scientists attend a conference in [[Tokyo]] to discuss countermeasures, but Stewart is still of the belief that the Gargantua in the sea and Frankenstein are different individuals.


That night, the Gargantua comes ashore in Tokyo and menaces a lounge singer before making his way into the countryside. The JSDF approves Operation L, a plan to use electromagnetic weapons including the newly-developed [[Type 66 Maser Cannon]] to kill the Gargantua. The plan is carried out, with electrical tripwires firing at the monster's legs before the Masers unleash their electromagnetic rays on the Gargantua. The beast tries to retreat to a river, but finds the water electrified. Just as the JSDF has the Gargantua at their mercy, a brown Gargantua emerges from the forest and helps the other up. The brown Gargantua waves off the JSDF and helps his green counterpart to safety. Stewart and Akemi conclude that the brown Gargantua, designated "[[Sanda]]"  by the JSDF, is the kindly Frankenstein they raised. Analysis of tissue recovered from the green Gargantua, [[Gaira]], shows his cells are identical to Sanda's. Majida proposes that the two Gargantuas are brothers, with Stewart saying the analogy is not far off. He proposes that when Sanda escaped their lab and went to Lake Biwa, some of his flesh tore off on a rock and grew into Gaira. While the kindly Sanda grew up in the mountains and was raised lovingly by Akemi, Gaira grew up in the dark depths of the ocean and became a hateful, violent beast. Stewart says the Gargantuas are more like clones than brothers, and determines that any attack against them runs the risk of spreading their cells which could then regenerate into more Gargantuas.
That night, the Gargantua comes ashore in Tokyo and menaces a lounge singer before making his way into the countryside. The JSDF approves Operation L, a plan to use electromagnetic weapons including the newly-developed [[Type 66 Maser Cannon]] to kill the Gargantua. The plan is carried out, with [[Trip Wire Cannon]]s firing at the monster's legs before the Masers unleash their electromagnetic rays on the Gargantua. The beast tries to retreat to a river, but finds the water electrified. Just as the JSDF has the Gargantua at their mercy, a brown-haired Gargantua emerges from the forest and helps the other up. The brown Gargantua waves off the JSDF and helps his green counterpart to safety. Stewart and Akemi conclude that the Brown Gargantua, designated "[[Sanda]]"  by the JSDF, is the kindly Frankenstein they raised. Analysis of tissue recovered from the Green Gargantua, [[Gaira]], shows his cells are identical to Sanda's. Mamiya proposes that the two Gargantuas are brothers, with Stewart saying the analogy is not far off. He proposes that when Sanda escaped their lab and went to Lake Biwa, some of his flesh tore off on a rock and grew into Gaira. While the kindly Sanda grew up in the mountains and was raised lovingly by Akemi, Gaira grew up in the dark depths of the ocean and became a hateful, violent beast. Stewart says the Gargantuas are more like clones than brothers, and determines that any attack against them runs the risk of spreading their cells which could then regenerate into more Gargantuas.
 
Sanda has taken his brother to the mountains around Mt. Fuji where he helps tend to his wounds. Akemi and Stewart head to the area to look for the Gargantuas, but come face-to-face with Gaira as he menaces a group of hikers. As Akemi and Stewart flee, Akemi falls over the side of a cliff and hangs on a tree branch for dear life. Before she falls into the rocky rapids below, Sanda hears her screams and rescues her, breaking his leg in the process. Akemi is overjoyed that Sanda recognizes her, and watches as he limps away. When Sanda returns to Gaira, he finds his brother sleeping next to the bloody clothes of the hikers he attacked. Sanda is horrified at the revelation his brother preys upon innocent humans and strikes him with a tree in rage. Gaira awakens and the two Gargantuas battle, with Gaira running away and Sanda unable to give chase on account of his broken leg. Gaira storms through the Fuji area and retreats to the sea before the JSDF can carry out its plan to destroy the Gargantuas. Most troubling is that Gaira seems to have lost his aversion to light, meaning he could attack Tokyo again. This comes to pass as Gaira enters the city once again, with Sanda converging on his location. The JSDF approves plans to attack both Gargantuas despite Stewarts protests. Akemi runs into the city streets to find Sanda and warn him to leave, with Stewart accompanying her. The two are soon menaced by Gaira, who grabs Akemi in his clutches. Fortunately, Sanda arrives and prompts Gaira to drop Akemi. Sanda tries to reason with his brother to end this senseless violence, but Gaira retaliates like a cornered animal and attacks his brother. Sanda continues fruitlessly pleading with Gaira, who continues lashing out. finally, Sanda accepts that his brother cannot be saved and fights back. The JSDF opens fire on Gaira as the war of the Gargantuas moves toward the port, their Maser Cannons sustaining fire on the green Gargantua. Both monsters fall into [[Tokyo Bay]] and continue their duel, gradually moving into the open sea. Planes drop bombs on the battling Gargantuas, but this activates an undersea volcano which begins to erupt. Both Sanda and Gaira continue to fight as they vanish amid the massive eruption. Majida finds Stewart with Akemi at a hospital and reports that both Sanda and Gaira appear to have perished in the eruption, though neither of their deaths could be confirmed. Akemi is heartbroken at the loss of Sanda, who gave his life to defend humanity.


Sanda has taken his brother to the mountains around Mt. Fuji where he helps tend to his wounds. Akemi and Stewart head to the area to look for the Gargantuas, but come face-to-face with Gaira as he menaces a group of hikers. As Akemi and Stewart flee, Akemi falls over the side of a cliff and hangs on a tree branch for dear life. Before she falls into the rocky rapids below, Sanda hears her screams and rescues her, breaking his leg in the process. Akemi is overjoyed that Sanda recognizes her, and watches as he limps away. When Sanda returns to Gaira, he finds his brother sleeping next to the bloody clothes of the hikers he attacked. Sanda is horrified at the revelation his brother preys upon innocent humans and strikes him with a tree in rage. Gaira awakens and the two Gargantuas battle, with Gaira running away and Sanda unable to give chase on account of his broken leg. Gaira storms through the Fuji area and retreats to the sea before the JSDF can carry out its plan to destroy the Gargantuas. Most troubling is that Gaira seems to have lost his aversion to light, meaning he could attack Tokyo again. This comes to pass as Gaira enters the city once again, with Sanda converging on his location. The JSDF approves plans to attack both Gargantuas despite Stewart's protests. Akemi runs into the city streets to find Sanda and warn him to leave, with Stewart accompanying her. The two are soon menaced by Gaira, who grabs Akemi in his clutches. Fortunately, Sanda arrives and prompts Gaira to drop Akemi. Sanda tries to reason with his brother to end this senseless violence, but Gaira retaliates like a cornered animal and attacks his brother. Sanda continues fruitlessly pleading with Gaira, who continues lashing out. Finally, Sanda accepts that his brother cannot be saved or reasoned with and fights back. The JSDF opens fire on Gaira as the war of the Gargantuas moves toward the port, their Maser Cannons sustaining fire on the Green Gargantua. Both monsters fall into [[Tokyo Bay]] and continue their duel, gradually moving into the open sea. Planes drop bombs on the battling Gargantuas, but this activates an undersea volcano which begins to erupt. Both Sanda and Gaira continue to fight as they vanish amid the massive eruption. Mamiya finds Stewart with Akemi at a hospital and reports that both Sanda and Gaira appear to have perished in the eruption, though neither of their deaths could be confirmed. Akemi is heartbroken at the loss of Sanda, who gave his life to defend humanity.
==Staff==
==Staff==
{{Main|The War of the Gargantuas/Credits}}
{{Staffs
{{Staffs
|Directed by=[[Ishiro Honda]]
|Directed by|[[Ishiro Honda]]
|Written by=[[Reuben Bercovitch]], [[Kaoru Mabuchi]], [[Ishiro Honda]]
|Written by|[[Kaoru Mabuchi]], [[Ishiro Honda]]
|Produced by=[[Reuben Bercovitch]], [[Henry Saperstein]], [[Tomoyuki Tanaka]], [[Kenichiro Tsunoda]]
|Based on a story by|[[Reuben Bercovitch]]
|Music by=[[Akira Ifukube]]
|Cinematography by=Hajime Koizumi
|Edited by=Ryohei Fujii
|Production Design by=Takeo Kita, Yasuyuki Inoue
|Assistant Directing by=Koji Kajita
|Director of Special Effects|[[Eiji Tsuburaya]]
|Assistant Director of Special Effects|[[Teruyoshi Nakano]]
|Based on characters created by|Mary Shelley
|Based on characters created by|Mary Shelley
|Executive producers|[[Tomoyuki Tanaka]], Kenichiro Tsunoda, [[Henry G. Saperstein]], [[Reuben Bercovitch]]
|Music by|[[Akira Ifukube]]
|"Feel in My Heart" performed by|Kipp Hamilton
|"Feel in My Heart" performed by|Kipp Hamilton
|Cinematography by|[[Hajime Koizumi]]
|Edited by|Ryohei Fujii
|Production design by|[[Takeo Kita]]
|First assistant director|[[Koji Kajita]]
|Director of special effects|[[Eiji Tsuburaya]]
|First assistant director of special effects|[[Teruyoshi Nakano]]
}}
}}
==Cast==
==Cast==
Line 53: Line 57:
|[[Kenji Sahara]]|Dr. Yuzo Mamiya
|[[Kenji Sahara]]|Dr. Yuzo Mamiya
|[[Kumi Mizuno]]|[[Akemi Togawa]]
|[[Kumi Mizuno]]|[[Akemi Togawa]]
|Russ Tamblyn|Dr. [[Paul Stewart]] (Japanese voice actor: [[Goro Mutsumi]])
|[[wikipedia:Russ Tamblyn|Russ Tamblyn]]|Dr. [[Paul Stewart]] (Japanese voice actor: [[Goro Mutsumi]])
|[[Jun Tazaki]]|Major General Hashimoto
|[[Jun Tazaki]]|Major General Hashimoto
|Kipp Hamilton|Club Singer
|Kipp Hamilton|club singer
|[[Yoshibumi Tajima]]|Hirai
|[[Yoshibumi Tajima]]|Hirai
|Nobuo Nakamura|Professor Kita
|Nobuo Nakamura|Professor Kita
Line 61: Line 65:
|Nadao Kirino|Lt. Col. Kazama
|Nadao Kirino|Lt. Col. Kazama
|Yasuhisa Tsutsumi|JSDF officer
|Yasuhisa Tsutsumi|JSDF officer
|Henry Okawa|Doctor
|Henry Okawa|doctor
|[[Shoichi Hirose]]|Mountain guide
|[[Shoichi Hirose]]|mountain guide
|Kozo Nomura|JSDF Staff Officer
|Kozo Nomura|JSDF staff officer
|Ikio Sawamura|Old fisherman
|[[Ikio Sawamura]]|elderly fisherman
|Ren Yamamoto|Saburo Kameda, ''Kaijin Maru No.3'' helmsman
|Ren Yamamoto|Saburo Kameda, ''Dai San Caijin Maru'' helmsman
|Noriaki Inoue|Young mountaineer
|Noriaki Inoue|young mountaineer
|Yasuhiko Saijo|Convertible driver
|Yasuhiko Saijo|convertible driver
|Haruya Sakamoto|JSDF officer
|Haruya Sakamoto|JSDF officer
|Mitsuo Tsuda|JSDF officer
|Mitsuo Tsuda|JSDF officer
|Wataru Omae|Air traffic controller
|Wataru Omae|air traffic controller
|Kyoko Mori|Nurse
|Kyoko Mori|nurse
|Hiroko Minami|Convertible passenger
|Hiroko Minami|convertible passenger
|Tadashi Okabe|Reporter
|Tadashi Okabe|reporter
|Yoshio Katsube|Reporter
|Yoshio Katsube|reporter
|Minoru Ito|Reporter
|Minoru Ito|reporter
|Shiro Tsuchiya|Ground Chief of Staff
|Shiro Tsuchiya|Ground Chief of Staff
|Takuzo Kumagai|Joint Staff Council Chairman
|Takuzo Kumagai|Joint Staff Council Chairman
|Toku Ihara|Diver
|Toku Ihara|diver
|Kuniyoshi Kashima|JSDF officer
|Kuniyoshi Kashima|JSDF officer
|Masaaki Tachibana|Reporter
|Masaaki Tachibana|reporter
|Hideo Shibuya|Reporter
|Hideo Shibuya|reporter
|Yutaka Oka|Reporter
|Yutaka Oka|reporter
|[[Bin Furuya]]|Coast Guard
|[[Bin Furuya]]|coast guard
|Seishiro Kuno|Fisherman
|Seishiro Kuno|fisherman
|[[Haruo Nakajima]]|[[Gaira]]
|[[Haruo Nakajima]]|[[Gaira]]
|[[Hiroshi Sekita]]|[[Sanda]]
|[[Hiroshi Sekita]]|[[Sanda]]
|Yasuhiro Komiya|[[Sanda|Adolescent Sanda]] (Japanese voice actor: Kasei Kinoshita)
|Yasuhiro Komiya|[[Sanda|adolescent Sanda]] (voice actor: Kasei Kinoshita)
}}
}}
===International English dub===
===International English dub===
{{Cast
{{Cast|notice=no
|Nick Kendall|Major General Hashimoto
|Barbara Laney|Akemi Togawa
|Barry Haigh|Chief Izumida / JSDF officer / Reporter
|Hal Archer|Dr. Yuzo Mamiya / JSDF soldiers
|Warren Rooke|Lt. Col. Kazama / Reporter
|Nick Kendall|Major General Hashimoto / Professor Kita
|John Wallace|Hirai
|Barry Haigh|Chief Izumida / JSDF officer / reporter
|Warren Rooke|Lt. Col. Kazama / reporter / radio announcer
}}
}}
===Glen Glenn Sound Company English dub===
===Glen Glenn Sound Company English dub===
{{Cast
{{Cast|notice=no
|Jim Boles|JSDF officer
|Russ Tamblyn|Dr. Paul Stewart
|[[wikipedia:Virginia Gregg|Virginia Gregg]]|Akemi Togawa / convertible passenger
|[[wikipedia:Jim Boles|Jim Boles]]|Major General Hashimoto / Professor Kita / JSDF officer
|[[wikipedia:Sam Edwards|Sam Edwards]]|Lt. Col. Kazama / convertible driver
|[[Riley Jackson]]|radio announcer / JSDF officer
}}
}}


Line 109: Line 120:
{{Col-2}}
{{Col-2}}
===Weapons, vehicles, and races===
===Weapons, vehicles, and races===
*''Dai San Caijin Maru''
*[[Type 61 Tank]]
*[[Type 61 Tank]]
*[[M4A3E8 Sherman Tank]]
*[[M4A3E8 Sherman Tank]]
*[[Type 66 Maser Cannon]]
*[[Type 66 Maser Cannon]]
*[[Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw]]
*[[Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw]]
*[[Trip Wire Cannons]]
*[[Trip Wire Cannon]]
{{Col-end}}
{{Col-end}}
==Production==
==Production==
[[Toho]] originally planned to produce a direct sequel to the [[1965]] film ''[[Frankenstein vs. Baragon]]'', which was directed by [[Ishiro Honda]]. Honda, who was signed on to direct the follow-up, felt that the film would work better as a standalone independent story, and so it was decided to write the film as independent from the previous film.<ref name="Hurricane Ryu">{{cite book|author=[[Hurricane Ryu Hariken|Hariken, Ryu]]|title=Godzilla Monster Super Quiz|publisher=Kubo Shoten|date=1992|page=123|isbn=4765910601}}</ref> The film's story was rooted in the ancient Japanese myth ''Umihiko Yamahiko''. While the Gargantuas are technically clones created from cell division, they are deliberately referred to as "brothers" and not father and son. In the script, neither of the Gargantuas are named, they are only referred to as "Mountain Frankenstein" and "Sea Frankenstein." The first draft of the script was titled ''The Frankenstein Brothers'' {{Nihongo|フランケンシュタインの兄弟|Furankenshutain no Kyōdai}};<ref name="TSEMCW">{{cite book|title=[[Toho Special Effects Movie Complete Works]]|date=28 September 2012|publisher=Village Books|pages=106-109|isbn=9784864910132}}</ref> later titles included ''Strife of Frankenstein'' {{Nihongo|フランケンシュタインの斗争|Furankenshutain no Tōsō}} and ''Duel of the Frankensteins'' {{Nihongo|フランケンシュタインの決闘|Furankenshutain no Kettō}}.<ref name="TSEMCW"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Tokusatsu Hiho Vol. 3|date=13 March 2016|publisher=Yosensha|page=121|isbn=978-4-8003-0865-8}}</ref> In a July 28, 1965 publication of ''Variety'', the film was announced under the working title ''The Two Frankensteins''.<ref name="Variety, July 28, 1965">[[File:Variety, July 28, 1965.jpg]]</ref> The script did not include the [[Maser Cannon]]s,<ref name="TSEMCW"/> but Honda decided to add them to the film as he felt they would add to the dramatic atmosphere. [[Tohl Narita]], later famous for his work on [[Tsuburaya Productions]]' Ultra Series and ''Mighty Jack'', was in charge of monster design for the film.
[[Toho]] originally planned to produce a direct sequel to the [[1965]] film ''[[Frankenstein vs. Baragon]]'', which was directed by [[Ishiro Honda]]. Honda, who was signed on to direct the follow-up, felt that the film would work better as a standalone independent story, and so it was decided to write the film as independent from the previous film.<ref name="Hurricane Ryu">{{cite book|author=[[Ryu Hariken|Hariken, Ryu]]|title=Godzilla Monster Super Quiz|publisher=Kubo Shoten|date=1992|page=123|isbn=4765910601}}</ref> The film's story was rooted in the ancient Japanese myth ''Umihiko Yamahiko''. While the Gargantuas are technically clones created from cell division, they are deliberately referred to as "brothers" and not father and son. In the script, neither of the Gargantuas are named, they are only referred to as "Mountain Frankenstein" and "Sea Frankenstein." The first draft of the script was titled ''The Frankenstein Brothers'' {{Nihongo|フランケンシュタインの兄弟|Furankenshutain no Kyōdai}};<ref name="TSEMCW">{{cite book|title=[[Toho Special Effects Movie Complete Works]]|date=28 September 2012|publisher=[[villagebooks]]|pages=106-109|isbn=9784864910132}}</ref> later titles included ''Strife of Frankenstein'' {{Nihongo|フランケンシュタインの斗争|Furankenshutain no Tōsō}} and ''Duel of the Frankensteins'' {{Nihongo|フランケンシュタインの決闘|Furankenshutain no Kettō}}.<ref name="TSEMCW"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Tokusatsu Hiho Vol. 3|date=13 March 2016|publisher=Yosensha|page=121|isbn=978-4-8003-0865-8}}</ref> In a July 28, 1965 publication of ''Variety'', the film was announced under the working title ''The Two Frankensteins''.<ref name="Variety, July 28, 1965">[[File:Variety, July 28, 1965.jpg|150px]]</ref> The script did not include the [[Maser Cannon]]s,<ref name="TSEMCW"/> but Honda decided to add them to the film as he felt they would add to the dramatic atmosphere. [[Tohl Narita]], later famous for his work on [[Tsuburaya Productions]]' ''[[wikia:w:c:ultra:Ultraman Series|Ultra Series]]'' and ''[[wikia:w:c:ultra:Mighty Jack (series)|Mighty Jack]]'', was in charge of the monster designs for the film.
 
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
{{Main|The War of the Gargantuas/Gallery}}
{{Main|The War of the Gargantuas/Gallery}}
==Soundtrack==
==Soundtrack==
{{Main|The War of the Gargantuas (Soundtrack)}}
{{Main|The War of the Gargantuas/Soundtrack}}
==Alternate titles==
==Alternate titles==
*'''''Frankenstein's Monsters: Sanda vs. Gaira''''' (literal Japanese title)
*'''''Frankenstein's Monsters: Sanda vs. Gaira''''' (literal Japanese title)
*'''''Monster Giant Sanda''''' {{Nihongo|怪獣ジャイアント サンダ|Kaijū Jaianto Sanda|Japanese 8mm title}}
*'''''War of the Gargantuas''''' (alternate English title)
*'''''War of the Gargantuas''''' (alternate English title)
*'''''Monster Giant Sanda''''' {{Nihongo|怪獣ジャイアント サンダ|Kaijū Jaianto Sanda|Japanese 8mm title}}
*'''''Frankenstein: Duel of the Giants''''' (''Frankenstein - Zweikampf der Giganten''; West Germany)
*'''''Frankenstein: Duel of the Giants''''' (''Frankenstein - Zweikampf der Giganten''; Germany)
*'''''The War of the Monsters''''' (''La Guerre des monstres''; [[France]]; French Belgium; ''De Oorlog der Monsters''; Dutch Belgium)
*'''''The War of the Monsters''''' (''La Guerre des monstres''; [[France]])
*'''''The Monsters from the Secret Planets''''' (''Les monstres des planètes secrètes''; France; reissue title)
*'''''Katango''''' (Italy)
*'''''Katango''''' (Italy)
*'''''Katango's War''''' (Netherlands)
*'''''Kong, Hurricane on the Metropolis''''' (''Kong, Uragano sulla Metropoli''; Italy; reissue title)
*'''''Duel of monsters''''' (''Pojedynek potworów''; Poland)
*'''''Brother of Frankenstein''''' (India)
*'''''Katango's War''''' (the Netherlands)
*'''''Duel of Monsters''''' (''Pojedynek potworów''; Poland)
*'''''Battle of the Giants (Kong and King)''''' (''(קרב הענקים (קונג וקינג''; Israel)
*'''''The Invasion of the Gargantuas''''' (''A Invasão dos Gargântuas''; Brazil)
*'''''The Battle of the Giant Simians''''' (''La Batalla de los Simios Gigantes''; Spain; ''La Batalla dels Simis Gegants''; Spain (Catalonia))
*'''''The War of the Gorillas''''' (''La Guerra de los Gorilas''; Mexico)
*'''''King Kong Wars''''' (''King Kongarnas krig''; Sweden)


==Theatrical releases==
==Theatrical releases==
*[[Japan]] - July 31, 1966
*[[Japan]] - July 31, 1966
*[[United States]] - July 29, 1970
*[[United States]] - July 29, 1970
*Canada - November 6, 1970
*Thailand - 1967
*Thailand - 1967
*Brazil - October 1967
*France - January 3, 1968; 1970
*Turkey - November 5, 1968
*Italy - November 1968; 1976
*Colombia - 1968
*Colombia - 1968
*France - 1968; 1970
*Turkey - 1968
*West Germany - 1968
*West Germany - 1968
*Mexico - 1970
*Mexico - 1970
*Portugal - November 9, 1970
*Netherlands - July 19, 1973
*Finland - 1974
*Finland - 1974
*Poland - 1975
*Poland - 1975
*Spain - 1976
*Spain - 1976
*Italy - 1976 (re-release)
*Israel - 1977
*Sweden - September 19, 1977
==Foreign releases==
[[File:Katango's_War.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Dutch ad for ''The War of the Gargantuas'' in ''Het vrije volk: democratisch-socialistisch dagblad'' (March 14, 1974)]]
Toho commissioned an unedited English dub of the film for international export. While the company responsible for the dub's creation remains unconfirmed, the uncredited voice cast - comprised mainly of North American expatriates - can be identified as associates of [[Ted Thomas]]' Axis International, based in [[Hong Kong]].{{#tag:ref|The [[1998]] books ''[[Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of "The Big G"]]'' by [[Steve Ryfle]] and ''[[Monsters Are Attacking Tokyo!]]'' by Stuart Galbraith IV state that the export dub was recorded by [[Tokyo]]-based company Frontier Enterprises.{{sfn|Ryfle|1998|p=152}}{{sfn|Galbraith IV|1998|p=40}} This claim is dubious, however, as none of the voice actors identified in the available dub are known to have ever recorded outside of [[Hong Kong]], and no dub featuring Tokyo voice actors has ever surfaced.|group="lower-alpha"}} This list does not include Thomas himself or his wife and fellow voice actor [[Linda Masson]], however, possibly due to the pair having spent the majority of [[1966]] away in England.<ref>{{harvnb|''South China Sunday Post - Herald''|1966|page=73}}: "Mr Ted Thomas, Radio Hongkong Senior Producer, sailed with his wife for England.  They will be away for a year during which time Mr Thomas will take a BBC course . . ."</ref> If recorded in 1966, it would count as the only Hong Kong dub from that year known. This export dub was recorded no later than [[1970]], when news coverage of dubber [[Nick Kendall]] (alias of
Nicholas Kapochena) ceases in ''South China Morning Post'' and he appeared to have moved back to his native [[Canada]].<ref>{{harvnb|''Vancouver Sun''|1970|page=42}}: "Metro Theatre will present Arthur Miller's drama, A View From the Bridge, from Feb. 12 - 21. Featured in the cast are Nick Kendall Kaopchena (sic), Pat Barlow, Henrick Sanghaas, Janice Perry, Barry Schawb and Paul Batten. The director is Michael Berry."</ref> An unknown voice actor dubbed over Russ Tamblyn’s voice, and although Tamblyn called the monsters "Gargantuas" on-set,<ref name="Japanese trailer">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JBWFSkwNuo&t=53s|title=The War of the Gargantuas (1966) ORIGINAL TRAILER [HD 1080p]|author=HD Retro Trailers|date=11 December 2019|work=YouTube}}</ref> the export dub follows the complete Japanese dialogue, in which all characters call the monsters "Frankensteins." The export dub features the earliest known dub roles of prolific Hong Kong voice actors [[Barry Haigh]] and [[Warren Rooke]], as well as the unidentified voice actor who dubbed Tamblyn.


==[[United States|U.S.]] release==
An 88-minute English-dubbed version of the film was submitted to India's [[wikipedia:Central Board of Film Certification|Central Board of Film Censors]] (CBFC) by Patel Enterprises of Bombay, and passed uncut with an "A" rating on March 1, [[1967]].<ref name="Gazette 570">{{harvnb|''The Gazette of India''|1967|page=570}}</ref> The film bore the title ''The War of the Gargantuas-Brother of Frankenstein'' in the CBFC's report on this decision, and the title ''The War of the Gargantuas The Brothers of Frankenstein'' in its report on a trailer rated three days later on March 4. The CBFC passed the trailer with a "U" rating and ordered deletions to two sections matching the contents of the export trailer.{{R|Gazette 570}}{{sfn|''The Gazette of India''|1967|page=569}} The earliest identified Indian screening took place on January 31, [[1969]], with several more screenings occurring in [[1972]], all under the title ''Brother of Frankenstein''.{{sfn|''Malabar Herald''|1969|page=6}}<ref>{{harvnb|''The Times of India''|1972|page=2}}: "BROTHER OF FRANKENSTEIN (Color). Russ Tamblyn, Kunni (sic) Mizuno."</ref>
[[File:POSTER-WAR-OF-THE-GARGANTUAS-+-MONSTER-ZERO.jpg|thumb|right|200px|American ''The War of the Gargantuas'' and ''[[Invasion of Astro-Monster#U.S. Release|Monster Zero]]'' double bill poster]]
''The War of the Gargantuas'' was released in the [[United States]] by Maron Films in 1970 as part of a double-bill with ''[[Invasion of Astro-Monster#U.S. Release|Monster Zero]]''. Dialogue was dubbed to English. All mentions of "[[Frankenstein]]" were removed, and [[Sanda]] and [[Gaira]] were simply referred to as "Brown Gargantua" and "Green Gargantua," respectively. The U.S. version contains nearly ten minutes of alternative and extended footage filmed at [[Toho]] in agreement with UPA and Henry G. Saperstein, some of which serves to establish Russ Tamblyn's character earlier in the film's story. The film's music score was altered significantly, with all pieces containing [[Akira Ifukube]]'s "Operation L" leitmotif replaced with a library track by American composer Philip Green entitled "Terror Hunt," or other pieces from the film. In addition, cues from ''Monster Zero'' were also supplemented.


Toho also commissioned an international English export dub for the film, recorded in [[Hong Kong]]. It remained obscure for decades, with its only known release being a Greek VHS, until Janus Films made it available to stream via STARZ and FilmStruck in 2017. The Greek VHS includes the English visuals created for the export dub, while the STARZ/FilmStruck stream is synchronized to the Japanese version of the film. While FilmStruck closed in 2018, it remains available on STARZ and [[The Criterion Collection |The Criterion Channel]].
In [[1973]], the export dub saw theatrical release in the Netherlands with Dutch subtitles, as ''Katango's War''. Original newspaper showtimes and ads rated the film "14" or "14 jaar," for persons aged 14 and up. The film first screened at the Royal in Amsterdam, North Holland on July 19 of that year{{sfn|''Het Parool|1973''|page=2}} and continued to play across the Netherlands through [[1980]]. The last known screening occurred at Theater Kerkrade in Kerkrade, Limburg on December 20, 1980.{{sfn|''Limburgsch dagblad''|1980|page=10}}
 
Though Toho included the export trailer on their Japanese 1992 laserdisc and 2002 DVD releases of the film, the dub itself remained difficult for the wider public to access for decades. A Dutch video distributor active in the 1980s called Video Movies Leerdam (VML) released the film on VHS twice; these remain the only home video releases of the export dub. Both of the tapes that VML issued use the title ''Gappa en de vliegende monsters van Dracula'' (the Dutch theatrical title for ''[[Gappa (film)|Gappa]]'') and their covers include artwork and publicity stills for ''Gappa'', as well as the names of that movie's director and top-billed cast. However, the summary on the back of both tapes details the plot of ''The War of the Gargantuas'' and the tapes themselves feature a transfer of an original 35mm projection print of ''Katango's War'', which includes the English opening credits meant to accompany the export dub.<ref>[[File:Gappa-hol-2000.jpg|150px]]</ref><ref name="LastDodo">{{cite web|url=https://www.lastdodo.com/en/items/6254609-gappa-en-de-vliegende-monsters-van-dracula|title=Gappa en de vliegende monsters van Dracula|date=27 July 2016|work=LastDodo.com}}</ref><ref name="petcor80">{{cite web|url=https://www.tapatalk.com/groups/the_cinehound_forum/dutch-vhs-sleeves-t8275-s250.html#p6981|title=Re: DUTCH VHS SLEEVES|date=1 January 2008|work=The Cinehound Forum}}</ref> Due to heavy projection damage, the print contains a large number of splices accounting for the loss of the English ending title, as well as parts of and entire lines. As a result of the splices, the print runs only 74 minutes in PAL (or 77 minutes at 24 frames per second).<ref name="OFDb">{{cite web|url=https://www.ofdb.de/fassung/3443,92826,Gappa-Frankensteins-fliegende-Monster/|title=GAPPA - FRANKENSTEINS FLIEGENDE MONSTER (1967)|author=Japango|date=12 April 2004|work=OFDb.de}}</ref>
[[File:POSTER-WAR-OF-THE-GARGANTUAS-+-MONSTER-ZERO.jpg|thumb|left|200px|U.S. ''The War of the Gargantuas'' and ''[[Invasion of Astro-Monster|Monster Zero]]'' double feature poster]]
===[[United States|U.S.]] release===
''The War of the Gargantuas'' was released in the [[United States]] in [[1970]] by Maron Films as a double feature with ''[[Invasion of Astro-Monster|Monster Zero]]''. Dialogue supervisor [[Riley Jackson]] dubbed both films at Glen Glenn Sound. The script refers to the monsters [[Sanda]] and [[Gaira]] as the "Brown Gargantua" and the "Green Gargantua," respectively. UPA brought back Russ Tamblyn to dub all of his own lines because, as post production supervisor Richard Krown recalled, Toho "did not record [Tamblyn's] voice very well." Krown adds that "he wasn’t happy doing that. It was very obvious he was not happy doing that. In a couple of days, we did all his lines, but he was not very sociable."<ref name="Homenick">{{cite web|url=https://vantagepointinterviews.com/2021/09/14/godzillas-crowning-moment-upas-post-production-supervisor-richard-krown-on-americanizing-toho-classics/|title=GODZILLA’S CROWNING MOMENT! UPA’s Post-Production Supervisor Richard Krown on Americanizing Toho Classics!|work=Vantage Point Interviews|accessdate=25 July 2022}}</ref> The U.S. version contains nearly 10 minutes of alternate scenes, extended scenes, and unique special effects shots, all filmed during principal photography at [[Toho]] by arrangement of [[UPA]] and [[Henry G. Saperstein]]. Most of the alternate scenes establish Russ Tamblyn's character earlier than the Japanese version by inserting him into scenes where he did not appear in that version.<ref name="Movie-Censorship.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.movie-censorship.com/report.php?ID=3794070|title=War of the Gargantuas, The (Comparison: Japanese Version - US Version)|author=azog|date=30 April 2010|work=Movie-Censorship.com}}</ref> UPA altered the film's music score significantly, replacing instances of [[Akira Ifukube]]'s "Operation L" leitmotif with a library track by American composer Philip Green entitled "Terror Hunt" and occasionally with other cues from the film. Cues from ''Monster Zero'' were also inserted.
 
Janus Films made the export dub available to stream via STARZ and FilmStruck in 2017,<ref name="Kaiju & Tokusatsu Home Theatre">{{cite web|url=https://kaijuhometheatre.blogspot.com/2017/11/starz-encore-action-to-air-godzilla.html|title=Starz Encore Action to Air Godzilla Throughout November; Janus Films Involvement|first=Ryan|last=Clark|date=2 November 2017|work=Kaiju & Tokusatsu Home Theatre}}</ref><ref name="godzilla-movies">{{cite web|url=https://www.godzilla-movies.com/news/criterion-godzilla-films-stream-filmstruck-this-month|title=Criterion Godzilla Films to Stream on FilmStruck this Month|author=G. H. (Gman)|date=3 December 2017|work=GODZILLA-MOVIES.COM}}</ref><ref name="tamura (sydney)">{{cite web|url=https://www.tohokingdom.com/forum/viewtopic.php?style=29&p=1524338#p1524338|title=Re: Criterion and Starz streaming Godzilla films|author=Tamura|date=2 November 2017|work=Toho Kingdom}}</ref> marking the export dub's first public stateside exposure. For their presentation of the film, Janus synced the export dub to a transfer of the Japanese version. Toho provided materials for the dub in much better condition than the Dutch print; however, while they provided a complete element of the dub runtime-wise, the mix lacks part of a PA announcer's dialogue during Gaira's attack on [[Haneda Airport]] and partially switches to the original Japanese for this brief moment.<ref name="Katango's War / Janus WOTG comparison">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OYUDmpP3Hc|title=pwease no landy σωσ|author=SpaceHunterM|date=4 November 2017|work=YouTube}}</ref> Though FilmStruck closed in 2018, Janus' presentation of the film remains available on [[Max]] and [[The Criterion Collection|The Criterion Channel]].
{{Clear}}
{{Clear}}


==Video releases==
==Video releases==
'''[[Toho]]''' VHS (1983)
'''[[Toho]]''' VHS (1983)
*Region: N/A
*'''Region:''' N/A
*Cassettes: 1
*Cassettes: 1
*Audio: Japanese
*'''Audio:''' Japanese
*Special Features: None
*'''Special features:''' None
*Notes: Reissued in 1996. 1996 release includes the "overseas" (UPA) version of the film.
*'''Notes:''' Reissued in 1996 with the addition of the "overseas" (UPA) version of the film.


'''Toho''' LaserDisc (1985)
'''Toho''' LaserDisc (1985)
*Region: NTSC
*'''Region:''' NTSC
*Discs: 1
*'''Discs:''' 1
*Audio: Japanese
*'''Audio:''' Japanese
*Special Features: None
*'''Special features:''' None
*Notes: A remastered version was released in 1992.
*'''Notes:''' A remastered version was released in 1992.


'''Toho''' DVD (2002)
'''Toho''' DVD (2002)
*Region: 2
*'''Region:''' 2
*Audio: Japanese
*'''Audio:''' Japanese
*Special Features: Preview for the UPA version of the film, images of ''Monster Giant Sanda'' 8mm sonosheet and picture book set, audio commentary by [[Kumi Mizuno]] moderated by Toshiaki Sato
*'''Special features:''' Excerpts from the UPA version of the film, images of ''Monster Giant Sanda'' 8mm sonosheet and picture book set, audio commentary by [[Kumi Mizuno]] moderated by Toshiaki Sato
 
'''Toho''' DVD (2007) [''Toho Special Effects Giant Creatures Box'']
*'''Region:''' 2
*'''Audio:''' English
*'''Subtitles:''' Japanese
*'''Notes:''' Box set with Toho DVDs of ''[[Rodan (film)|Rodan]]'' and ''[[Frankenstein vs. Baragon]]''. MonstersHD 16:9 cropped master of the UPA version. MonstersHD master of ''[[Frankenstein vs. Baragon#U.S. release|Frankenstein Conquers the World]]'' included on the same disc.


'''Toho''' Blu-ray (2010)
'''Toho''' Blu-ray (2010)
*Region: A/1
*'''Region:''' A/1
*Audio: Japanese
*'''Audio:''' Japanese


'''Classic Media''' DVD (2008)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Rodan-War-Gargantuas-Various/dp/B001AR0D40/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1431478166&sr=8-1&keywords=War+of+the+Gargantuas Amazon.com: The War of the Gargantuas]</ref>
'''[[Classic Media]]''' DVD (2008)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Rodan-War-Gargantuas-Various/dp/B001AR0D40/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1431478166&sr=8-1&keywords=War+of+the+Gargantuas Amazon.com: The War of the Gargantuas]</ref>
*Region: 1
*'''Region:''' 1
*Discs: 2
*'''Discs:''' 2
*Audio: Japanese (2.0 Mono), English (2.0 Mono)
*'''Audio:''' Japanese (2.0 Mono), English (2.0 Mono)
*Special Features: ''Bringing Godzilla Down to Size'' documentary (69 minutes)
*'''Special features:''' ''Bringing Godzilla Down to Size'' documentary (69 minutes)
*Notes: Packaged with ''[[Rodan (film)|Rodan]]''. Out of print.
*'''Notes:''' Packaged with ''[[Rodan (film)|Rodan]]''. Out of print.
==Videos==
==Videos==
===Trailers===
{{Videos|
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">v8USfUzak2c</youtube>|Japanese trailer}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">9Gjj9hfdyBY</youtube>|U.S. trailer}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="168">zxN3UmF46HY</youtube>|U.S. {{small|''The War of the Gargantuas'' and ''[[Invasion of Astro-Monster|Monster Zero]]''}} trailer}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="168">83YDNl_3fE8</youtube>|U.S. {{small|''The War of the Gargantuas'' and ''Monster Zero''}} TV spot #1}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="168">S75pRveNWtM</youtube>|U.S. {{small|''The War of the Gargantuas'' and ''Monster Zero''}} TV spot #2}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="168">-MqiTeoQAtM</youtube>|U.S. {{small|''The War of the Gargantuas'' and ''Monster Zero''}} radio spot}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">wkD9cw7d6cQ</youtube>|West German trailer}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">z-0zORg3y64</youtube>|International trailer}}
}}
===Miscellaneous===
{{Videos|
{{Videos|
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">v8USfUzak2c</youtube>|Japanese ''The War of the Gargantuas'' trailer}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">sTMp579psJc</youtube>|English credits from the international version}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">IYLoXwS71qU</youtube>|American ''The War of the Gargantuas'' and ''[[Invasion of Astro-Monster|Monster Zero]]'' trailer}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">83YDNl_3fE8</youtube>|American ''The War of the Gargantuas'' and ''Monster Zero'' TV spot #1}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">S75pRveNWtM</youtube>|American ''The War of the Gargantuas'' and ''Monster Zero'' TV spot #2}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">9Gjj9hfdyBY</youtube>|American ''The War of the Gargantuas'' trailer}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">-MqiTeoQAtM</youtube>|American ''The War of the Gargantuas'' and ''Monster Zero'' radio spot}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">wkD9cw7d6cQ</youtube>|German ''The War of the Gargantuas'' trailer}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">z-0zORg3y64</youtube>|International ''The War of the Gargantuas'' trailer}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">sTMp579psJc</youtube>|Visuals from the international version of ''The War of the Gargantuas''}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">jzBjTBSna2U</youtube>|Roger Corman hosts ''The War of the Gargantuas'' for AMC Monsterfest 1999}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">jzBjTBSna2U</youtube>|Roger Corman hosts ''The War of the Gargantuas'' for AMC Monsterfest 1999}}
{{vid|<youtube width="300" height="169">NnoVTELBSuo</youtube>|{{WZYT|The Gargantuas in ''Scooby-Doo''?}}}}
}}
}}
==Trivia==
==Trivia==
*During the film, several ambiguous references are made to the film ''[[Frankenstein vs. Baragon]]'', but the only direct link between the films is the term "[[Frankenstein]]," which appears in the Japanese title and is used to refer to the Gargantuas ("Frankensteins") in the original Japanese dialogue. Allusions and flashbacks to the events of the previous film seem to recast and rename the main characters and move their laboratory from [[Hiroshima]] to Kyoto, while inserting [[Sanda]] into Frankenstein's role. Due to dialogue referring to the monsters as "Frankensteins," Russ Tamblyn had to re-dub his dialogue for the American version of the film, which removed all references to Frankenstein.
*''The War of the Gargantuas'' was theatrically released in Japan as a triple feature with ''Tsuru no Ongaeshi'' and ''Jungle Emperor''.<ref>[[File:0002017418.jpg|200px]]</ref>
**Additionally, [[Kumi Mizuno]]'s character in this film, [[Akemi Togawa]], is very similar to her character Sueko Togami from ''Frankenstein vs. Baragon'', leading some to erroneously believe she is in fact reprising the role.
*The Japanese cut of ''The War of the Gargantuas'' makes several ambiguous references to ''[[Frankenstein vs. Baragon]]'' (1965), but the only direct link between them is the name "[[Frankenstein]]," which appears in the Japanese title for this film and is used to refer to the Gargantuas ("Frankensteins") in dialogue. Allusions and flashbacks to the events of the previous film seem to recast and rename the three main characters and move their laboratory from [[Hiroshima]] to Kyoto, while inserting [[Sanda]] into Frankenstein's role.
*According to the 2014 book ''[[Godzilla Dictionary (New Edition)|Godzilla Dictionary [New Edition]]]'', both ''The War of the Gargantuas'' and its predecessor ''Frankenstein vs. Baragon'' take place in the same timeline as the [[Godzilla (franchise)|Godzilla]] films of the [[Showa era|Showa series]].
**Additionally, [[Kumi Mizuno]]'s character in this film, [[Akemi Togawa]], is very similar to her character Sueko Togami from ''Frankenstein vs. Baragon'', leading some to erroneously believe that she was reprising the role.
*''The War of the Gargantuas'' is referenced in the beginning of the [[2002]] Godzilla film ''[[Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla]]'', and stock footage of [[Gaira]] from the film is shown. Supplementary materials for the sequel to ''Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla'', ''[[Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S.]]'' reveal that ''The War of the Gargantuas'' is part of the [[:Category:Kiryu Saga Continuity|continuity]] of the two films, along with the events of several other non-Godzilla films from the Showa era.
*According to the 2014 book ''[[Godzilla Dictionary (New Edition)]]'', both ''The War of the Gargantuas'' and its predecessor ''Frankenstein vs. Baragon'' take place in the same timeline as the [[Godzilla (franchise)|Godzilla]] films of the [[Showa era|Showa series]].
*''The War of the Gargantuas'' is the final co-production between Toho and UPA, following ''Frankenstein vs. Baragon'' and ''[[Invasion of Astro-Monster]]''. It was however, not UPA's last involvement in Toho's kaiju films, as the company aired ''[[Terror of Mechagodzilla]]'' on television in the [[United States]] in 1978.
*A shot where Gaira avoids blasts from the [[Maser Cannon|Maser Cannons]] by crawling into the cover of trees is reused as stock footage in both ''[[Godzilla vs. Gigan]]'' (1972) and in ''[[Godzilla vs. Megalon]]'' (1973), with Gaira's partially-visible form standing in for [[Gigan]] and [[Megalon]], respectively.
*This film marks the first appearance of the [[Maser Cannon]] in a Toho film. The Maser Cannons would go on to become famous recurring military weapons in Toho's Godzilla films over the next several decades.
*''The War of the Gargantuas'' is referenced in the beginning of the [[2002]] Godzilla film ''[[Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla]]'', and stock footage of [[Gaira]] from the film is shown. Supplementary materials for the sequel to ''Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla'', ''[[Godzilla: Tokyo SOS]]'' reveal that ''The War of the Gargantuas'' is part of the [[:Category:Kiryu series continuity|continuity]] of the two films, along with the events of several other non-Godzilla films from the [[Showa era]].
*The American producer of the film, Henry G. Saperstein, had reportedly planned to make a [[U.S.-Japan Collaboration: Godzilla|collaborative Japanese-American Godzilla film]]. It has long been speculated that this film would pit [[Godzilla]] against one or both of the Gargantuas, but there is no concrete evidence supporting this. However, author Patrick Macias mentions in his 2006 book ''Otaku in USA - Love & Misunderstanding! The History of adopted Anime in America!'' that Saperstein allegedly planned to produce a sequel to ''The War of the Gargantuas'' featuring Godzilla battling against one of the Gargantuas as a cyborg, though this idea was never realized.<ref>{{cite book|author=Macias, Patrick|title=Otaku in USA - Love & Misunderstanding! The History of adopted Anime in America!|publisher=Ota Publishing|date=2006|isbn=978-4778310028}}</ref>
*''The War of the Gargantuas'' is the third and final co-production between Toho and UPA subsidiary Benedict Productions, following ''Frankenstein vs. Baragon'' and ''[[Invasion of Astro-Monster]]''. It was not, however, UPA's last involvement with Toho's kaiju films, as the company aired ''[[Terror of Mechagodzilla]]'' on television in the U.S. in 1978.
*This film marks the first appearance of the [[Maser Cannon]]s in a Toho film. The Maser Cannons would go on to become famous recurring military weapons in Toho's Godzilla films over the next several decades.
*The American producer of the film, Henry G. Saperstein, had reportedly planned to make a [[U.S.-Japan Collaboration: Godzilla|collaborative Japanese-American Godzilla film]]. It has long been speculated that this film would pit [[Godzilla]] against one or both of the Gargantuas, but there is no concrete evidence supporting this. However, author Patrick Macias mentions in his 2006 book ''Otaku in USA - Love & Misunderstanding! The History of Adopted Anime in America!'' that Saperstein allegedly planned to produce a sequel to ''The War of the Gargantuas'' featuring Godzilla battling against one of the Gargantuas as a cyborg, though this idea was also never realized.<ref>{{cite book|author=Macias, Patrick|title=Otaku in USA - Love & Misunderstanding! The History of Adopted Anime in America!|publisher=Ota Publishing|date=2006|isbn=978-4778310028}}</ref>
*The original ending of the film was to not only have Sanda and Gaira swallowed up by the underwater volcano, but the lava was to have spread to Tokyo where it was to destroy the city as well as the remaining cells of the monsters; cited in an interview with director Honda in Guy Tucker's ''Age of the Gods: A History of the Japanese Fantasy Film''.
*The original ending of the film was to not only have Sanda and Gaira swallowed up by the underwater volcano, but the lava was to have spread to Tokyo where it was to destroy the city as well as the remaining cells of the monsters; cited in an interview with director Honda in Guy Tucker's ''Age of the Gods: A History of the Japanese Fantasy Film''.
*Sanda and Gaira re-appeared in ''[[Go! Godman]]'' Episodes 16 "[[Godman vs. Sanda]]" and 17 "[[Godman vs. Gaira]]" as well as in ''[[Go! Greenman]]'' Episodes 31 "[[Greenman vs. Sanda]]" and 4 "[[Greenman vs. Gaira]]." Gaira later made an appearance in the [[2008]] [[Go! Godman (film)|''Go! Godman'' movie]].
*Gaira and Sanda re-appeared in ''[[Go! Godman]]'' episodes 16 "[[Godman vs. Sanda]]" and 17 "[[Godman vs. Gaira]]" as well as in ''[[Go! Greenman]]'' Episodes 4 "[[Greenman vs. Gaira]]" and 31 "[[Greenman vs. Sanda]]." Gaira later made an appearance in the [[2008]] [[Go! Godman (film)|''Go! Godman'' film]].
*The song "Feel in My Heart," also called "The Words Get Stuck in My Throat," performed by Kipp Hamilton in this film was later covered by the American rock band [[wikipedia:Devo|DEVO]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Macias, Patrick|title=Tokyo Scope: The Japanese Cult Film Companion|date=2001|publisher=Cadence Books|page=22|isbn=1-569-31681-3}}.</ref>
*The insert song "Feel In My Heart" (also known as "The Words Get Stuck In My Throat" in the U.S. version), performed by Kipp Hamilton, was later covered by the American rock band [[wikipedia:Devo|Devo]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Macias, Patrick|title=Tokyo Scope: The Japanese Cult Film Companion|date=2001|publisher=Cadence Books|page=22|isbn=1-569-31681-3}}.</ref>
*Quentin Tarantino based the fight between Uma Thurman and Daryl Hannah in ''Kill Bill Vol. 2'' on the final battle from ''The War of the Gargantuas''. He showed his copy of the film to both actresses and told them he wanted it to be "The War of the Blonde Gargantuas."
*Quentin Tarantino based the fight between Uma Thurman and Daryl Hannah in ''Kill Bill Vol. 2'' on the final battle from ''The War of the Gargantuas''. He showed his copy of the film to both actresses and told them he wanted it to be "The War of the Blonde Gargantuas."
*During the 2012 Oscars there was a segment called "First Movie Moments" where famous actors describe the first movie they remember seeing.  Actor Brad Pit stated that the first movie he ever saw was none other than ''The War of the Gargantuas''.<ref name="YouTube">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8EIEao_nSk Oscars 2012 - Brad Pitt's first movie moment was "The War of the Gargantuas"]</ref>
*During the 2012 Oscars, there was a segment called "First Movie Moments" where famous actors describe the first movie they remember seeing.  Actor Brad Pitt stated that the first movie he ever saw was none other than ''The War of the Gargantuas''.<ref name="YouTube">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8EIEao_nSk Oscars 2012 - Brad Pitt's first movie moment was "The War of the Gargantuas"]</ref>
*Hajime Isayama happened to see ''The War of the Gargantuas'' on television as a child, and has said that it served as an influence when he created ''[[wikipedia:Attack on Titan|Attack on Titan]]''.<ref>[https://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/1980]</ref> Isayama's manga was later adapted into two live-action [[tokusatsu]] kaiju [[Attack on Titan the Movie: Part 1|fil]][[Attack on Titan the Movie: Part 2|ms]] by Toho in 2015.
*Hajime Isayama happened to see ''The War of the Gargantuas'' on television as a child, and has said that it served as an influence when he created ''[[wikipedia:Attack on Titan|Attack on Titan]]''.<ref>[https://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/1980]</ref> Isayama's manga was later adapted into two live action [[tokusatsu]] kaiju [[Attack on Titan the Movie: Part 1|fil]][[Attack on Titan the Movie: Part 2|ms]] by Toho in 2015.
*The Chinese poster for the 2018 film ''[[wikipedia:The Predator (film)|The Predator]]'' was inspired by the poster for ''The War of the Gargantuas''.<ref>[[File:Predator Gargantuas.jpg|150px]]</ref>
*The Chinese poster for the 2018 film ''[[wikipedia:The Predator (film)|The Predator]]'' was inspired by the poster for ''The War of the Gargantuas''.<ref>[[File:Predator Gargantuas.jpg|150px]]</ref>
*In the trailer for the movie, Sanda and Gaira have roars which differ from those in actual movie. One roar is a higher pitched [[Rodan]] roar and the other is [[Varan]]'s roar mixed with [[King Kong]]'s. These roars would go on to be used for the [[wikia:w:c:ultra:Ultra Series|Ultra]] [[kaiju]] [[wikia:w:c:ultra:Antlar|Antlar]] and [[wikia:w:c:ultra:Chandora|Chandora]], respectively.
*In the Japanese trailer for the film, Sanda and Gaira both have roars which differ from those in the actual film. One roar is a higher-pitched [[Rodan]] roar and the other is [[Varan]]'s roar mixed with [[King Kong]]'s. These roars would go on to be used for the [[wikia:w:c:ultra:Ultra Series|Ultra]] [[kaiju]] [[wikia:w:c:ultra:Antlar|Antlar]] and [[wikia:w:c:ultra:Chandora|Chandora]], respectively.
*While they have never appeared in a Godzilla film outside of stock footage, the Gargantuas have appeared in officially-licensed Godzilla media such as video games, manga, and comics.
*While they have never appeared in a Godzilla film outside of stock footage, the Gargantuas have appeared in officially-licensed Godzilla media such as video games, manga, and comic books.
*Renji Oki, author of the novels ''[[Godzilla: Monster Apocalypse|GODZILLA: Monster Apocalypse]]'' and ''[[Godzilla: Project Mechagodzilla|GODZILLA: Project Mechagodzilla]]'', stated in an interview that he considered including the Gargantuas in one of the novels, but the novels' setting supervisor Seichi Shirato didn't feel right using them without Frankenstein being involved in their backstory.<ref>[https://kadobun.jp/talks/72/5b82a2dc?per_page=0]</ref>
*Renji Oki, author of the novels ''[[GODZILLA: Monster Apocalypse]]'' and ''[[GODZILLA: Project Mechagodzilla]]'', stated in an interview that he considered including the Gargantuas in one of the novels, but the novels' setting supervisor Seichi Shirato did not feel right using them without Frankenstein being involved in their backstory.<ref>[https://kadobun.jp/talks/72/5b82a2dc?per_page=0]</ref>
*In a [[2019]] interview, ''[[Godzilla: King of the Monsters]]'' director [[Michael Dougherty]] commented that his top pick for monsters to be added to the [[Monsterverse]] would be the Gargantuas, followed by [[Biollante]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rue-morgue.com/sinister-seven-godzillas-mike-dougherty-king-of-the-monsterkids/|title=Sinister Seven: GODZILLA's MIKE DOUGHERTY: KING OF THE MONSTER(KID)S|author=McKenzie, Ron|date=13 August 2019|work=Rue Morgue}}</ref>


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xwiu0h_the-war-of-the-gargantuas-1966-dub-comparison-2_shortfilms Comparison of the film's two English dubs]
*[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xwiu0h_the-war-of-the-gargantuas-1966-dub-comparison-2_shortfilms Comparison of the film's two English dubs]
*[http://www.movie-censorship.com/report.php?ID=3794070 Detailed comparison of the Japanese and U.S. versions of the film]
*[http://www.movie-censorship.com/report.php?ID=3794070 Detailed comparison of the Japanese and U.S. versions of the film]
==Notes==
{{Notelist|lower-alpha}}
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Kaiju Movies}}
===Bibliography===
*{{cite book|last=Ryfle|first=Steve|authorlink=Steve Ryfle|title=[[Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of "The Big G"]]|publisher=ECW Press|date=1 April 1998|isbn=1550223488}}
*{{Cite book|first=Stuart|last=Galbraith IV|title=[[Monsters Are Attacking Tokyo!]]|publisher=Feral House|date=1 May 1998|isbn=978-0922915477}}
*{{Cite magazine|title=Around Hongkong|url=https://www.proquest.com/hnpsouthchinamorningpost/docview/1507561167/|url-access=subscription|magazine=South China Sunday Post - Herald|volume=17|number=5|date=30 January 1966|via=Newspapers.com|ref={{harvid|''South China Sunday Post - Herald''|1966}}}}
*{{Cite book|title=The Gazette of India|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.central.w.1967-09-30.73398/page/n42/mode/2up|volume=Vol. 39 no. 39|date=30 September 1967|via=Archive.org|ref={{harvid|''The Gazette of India''|1967}}}}
*{{Cite book|title=Malabar Herald|url=https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/newspapers/mbhd19690201-01.1.6|date=1 February 1969|via=GLOBAL PRESS ARCHIVE|ref={{harvid|''Malabar Herald''|1969}}}}
*{{Cite book|title=The Times of India|url=https://www.proquest.com/hnptimesofindia/docview/613634344/|url-access=subscription|date=2 April 1972|via=ProQuest|ref={{harvid|''The Times of India''|1972}}}}
*{{Cite magazine|title=AGENDA|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ABCDDD:010838778:mpeg21:a0107|magazine=Het Parool|date=19 July 1973|via=Delpher.nl|ref={{harvid|''Het Parool''|1973}}}}
*{{Cite magazine|title=BIOSCOPEN|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010570469:mpeg21:a0348|magazine=Limburgsch dagblad|date=20 December 1980|via=Delpher.nl|ref={{harvid|''Limburgsch dagblad''|1980}}}}
*{{Cite magazine|title=CALLBOARD|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/492273616/|url-access=subscription|magazine=The Vancouver Sun|volume=84|number=104|date=5 February 1970|via=Newspapers.com|ref={{harvid|''Vancouver Sun''|1970}}}}
 
{{The War of the Gargantuas}}
{{Kaiju Movies|tab=Toho}}
{{Comments}}
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[[Category:Japanese films]]
[[Category:Japanese films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ishiro Honda]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ishiro Honda]]
[[Category:Kiryu Saga Continuity]]
[[Category:Kiryu series continuity]]
[[Category:Showa Films]]
[[Category:Showa Films]]
[[Category:Films dubbed into English twice]]
[[Category:Films dubbed into English twice]]

Latest revision as of 00:48, 24 March 2024

Article.png
Image gallery for The War of the Gargantuas
Credits for The War of the Gargantuas
The War of the Gargantuas soundtrack


The War of the Gargantuas
The Japanese poster for The War of the Gargantuas
Alternate titles
Flagicon Japan.png Frankenstein's Monsters:
Sanda vs. Gaira
(1966)
See alternate titles
Directed by Ishiro Honda
Producer Tomoyuki Tanaka, Kenichiro Tsunoda, Henry G. Saperstein, Reuben Bercovitch
Written by Kaoru Mabuchi, Ishiro Honda;
Reuben Bercovitch (story)
Music by Akira Ifukube
Funded by Toho, Benedict Pictures
Production company Toho
Distributor TohoJP, Maron FilmsU.S.
Rating Not Rated
Box office $3 millionU.S.[1]
Running time 88 minutesJP
(1 hour, 28 minutes)
92 minutesU.S.
(1 hour, 32 minutes)
Aspect ratio 2.35:1
Rate this film!
4.35
(26 votes)

A crisis, striking from the mountains and the sea! Greater Tokyo is the battlefield of death! (山から海から襲い来る危機!大東京は死の決戦場!)
„ 

— Japanese tagline

All brand new!
„ 

— International tagline

Can a country survive when two Gargantuas battle to the death?
„ 

— American tagline

The War of the Gargantuas (フランケンシュタインの怪獣 サンダ対ガイラ,   Furankenshutain no Kaijū: Sanda tai Gaira, lit. "Frankenstein's Monsters: Sanda vs. Gaira") is a 1966 tokusatsu kaiju film directed by Ishiro Honda and co-written by Honda and Kaoru Mabuchi from a story by Reuben Bercovitch, with special effects by Eiji Tsuburaya. Produced by Toho with co-funding from Benedict Pictures, it is a loose sequel to the previous year's Frankenstein vs. Baragon. It stars Kenji Sahara, Kumi Mizuno, Russ Tamblyn, and Jun Tazaki. The film was released to Japanese theaters by Toho on July 31, 1966. Maron Films released an edited English-dubbed version of the film to United States theaters on July 29, 1970, as part of a double feature with Monster Zero.

Following a shipwreck, the lone surviving crew member blames the accident on Frankenstein. Other disasters soon follow, much to the confusion of Frankenstein's former caregivers Paul Stewart, Akemi Togawa, and Yuzo Mamiya, who recalled the creature being friendly and never aggressive toward humans. When the JSDF deploys its newly-developed Type 66 Maser Cannons to destroy the rampaging green giant, a second brown giant arrives to rescue him. Stewart realizes that the savage Green Gargantua, named Gaira, must have regenerated from severed tissue left behind by the Brown Gargantua they raised, named Sanda. Sanda soon learns of his brother's habit of eating humans and attacks him, triggering a battle to the death between the brothers in Tokyo. Akemi pleads to save Sanda from the JSDF while Sanda tries fruitlessly to end his brother's rampage non-violently.

Plot

One night, a fishing boat in the waters just off Japan finds itself under attack by a Giant Octopus. Just before it can strangle one of the crew members to death with one of its tentacles, the monstrous cephalopod is attacked by a gigantic green-haired humanoid creature. After dispatching the Octopus, the giant begins violently attacking the boat and attempting to sink it. Sometime later, one surviving crew member is being held in a hospital. Representatives try to get the story of how the ship sank from him, but he says in terror that the ship was sunk by Frankenstein. The maritime authority is hesitant to believe that the ship was sunk by this "Gargantua," and dispatches divers to investigate the shipwreck. They uncover the clothes of all of the other four crew members, which are soaked in blood and look as though they were chewed up and spit out. Another boat soon falls victim to the Gargantua and a group of civilians finally witnesses the creature emerge from the water as they try and bring in a fishing net. The maritime authority contacts Frankenstein expert Dr. Paul Stewart in Kyoto to ask him if it is possible the Gargantua is the Frankenstein he raised at his institute. He dismisses the notion, stating Frankenstein died at Mount Fuji and would never live in the sea nor eat humans. Furthermore, reports of huge humanoid footprints in the Japanese Alps have led Stewart to investigate along with his assistant Akemi Togawa, while their colleague Dr. Yuzo Mamiya travels to investigate a salvaged shipwreck believed to be attacked by the Gargantua. Stewart and Akemi find the footprints in the mountains and accept the possibility they were left behind by Frankenstein, while Mamiya finds a mucous membrane left behind on the shipwreck. Analysis of the membrane shows that the creature's cells are almost identical to Frankenstein's, and the JSDF determines that Frankenstein must be behind the attacks. On a cloudy day, the Gargantua comes ashore at Haneda Airport and terrorizes the fleeing civilians. When the sun peeks through the clouds, the Gargantua immediately runs back to the sea, which Mamiya determines must mean the monster is averse to bright light. The three scientists attend a conference in Tokyo to discuss countermeasures, but Stewart is still of the belief that the Gargantua in the sea and Frankenstein are different individuals.

That night, the Gargantua comes ashore in Tokyo and menaces a lounge singer before making his way into the countryside. The JSDF approves Operation L, a plan to use electromagnetic weapons including the newly-developed Type 66 Maser Cannon to kill the Gargantua. The plan is carried out, with Trip Wire Cannons firing at the monster's legs before the Masers unleash their electromagnetic rays on the Gargantua. The beast tries to retreat to a river, but finds the water electrified. Just as the JSDF has the Gargantua at their mercy, a brown-haired Gargantua emerges from the forest and helps the other up. The brown Gargantua waves off the JSDF and helps his green counterpart to safety. Stewart and Akemi conclude that the Brown Gargantua, designated "Sanda" by the JSDF, is the kindly Frankenstein they raised. Analysis of tissue recovered from the Green Gargantua, Gaira, shows his cells are identical to Sanda's. Mamiya proposes that the two Gargantuas are brothers, with Stewart saying the analogy is not far off. He proposes that when Sanda escaped their lab and went to Lake Biwa, some of his flesh tore off on a rock and grew into Gaira. While the kindly Sanda grew up in the mountains and was raised lovingly by Akemi, Gaira grew up in the dark depths of the ocean and became a hateful, violent beast. Stewart says the Gargantuas are more like clones than brothers, and determines that any attack against them runs the risk of spreading their cells which could then regenerate into more Gargantuas.

Sanda has taken his brother to the mountains around Mt. Fuji where he helps tend to his wounds. Akemi and Stewart head to the area to look for the Gargantuas, but come face-to-face with Gaira as he menaces a group of hikers. As Akemi and Stewart flee, Akemi falls over the side of a cliff and hangs on a tree branch for dear life. Before she falls into the rocky rapids below, Sanda hears her screams and rescues her, breaking his leg in the process. Akemi is overjoyed that Sanda recognizes her, and watches as he limps away. When Sanda returns to Gaira, he finds his brother sleeping next to the bloody clothes of the hikers he attacked. Sanda is horrified at the revelation his brother preys upon innocent humans and strikes him with a tree in rage. Gaira awakens and the two Gargantuas battle, with Gaira running away and Sanda unable to give chase on account of his broken leg. Gaira storms through the Fuji area and retreats to the sea before the JSDF can carry out its plan to destroy the Gargantuas. Most troubling is that Gaira seems to have lost his aversion to light, meaning he could attack Tokyo again. This comes to pass as Gaira enters the city once again, with Sanda converging on his location. The JSDF approves plans to attack both Gargantuas despite Stewart's protests. Akemi runs into the city streets to find Sanda and warn him to leave, with Stewart accompanying her. The two are soon menaced by Gaira, who grabs Akemi in his clutches. Fortunately, Sanda arrives and prompts Gaira to drop Akemi. Sanda tries to reason with his brother to end this senseless violence, but Gaira retaliates like a cornered animal and attacks his brother. Sanda continues fruitlessly pleading with Gaira, who continues lashing out. Finally, Sanda accepts that his brother cannot be saved or reasoned with and fights back. The JSDF opens fire on Gaira as the war of the Gargantuas moves toward the port, their Maser Cannons sustaining fire on the Green Gargantua. Both monsters fall into Tokyo Bay and continue their duel, gradually moving into the open sea. Planes drop bombs on the battling Gargantuas, but this activates an undersea volcano which begins to erupt. Both Sanda and Gaira continue to fight as they vanish amid the massive eruption. Mamiya finds Stewart with Akemi at a hospital and reports that both Sanda and Gaira appear to have perished in the eruption, though neither of their deaths could be confirmed. Akemi is heartbroken at the loss of Sanda, who gave his life to defend humanity.

Staff

Main article: The War of the Gargantuas/Credits.

Staff role on the left, staff member's name on the right.

Cast

Actor's name on the left, character played on the right.

  • Kenji Sahara   as   Dr. Yuzo Mamiya
  • Kumi Mizuno   as   Akemi Togawa
  • Russ Tamblyn   as   Dr. Paul Stewart (Japanese voice actor: Goro Mutsumi)
  • Jun Tazaki   as   Major General Hashimoto
  • Kipp Hamilton   as   club singer
  • Yoshibumi Tajima   as   Hirai
  • Nobuo Nakamura   as   Professor Kita
  • Hisaya Ito   as   Chief Izumida
  • Nadao Kirino   as   Lt. Col. Kazama
  • Yasuhisa Tsutsumi   as   JSDF officer
  • Henry Okawa   as   doctor
  • Shoichi Hirose   as   mountain guide
  • Kozo Nomura   as   JSDF staff officer
  • Ikio Sawamura   as   elderly fisherman
  • Ren Yamamoto   as   Saburo Kameda, Dai San Caijin Maru helmsman
  • Noriaki Inoue   as   young mountaineer
  • Yasuhiko Saijo   as   convertible driver
  • Haruya Sakamoto   as   JSDF officer
  • Mitsuo Tsuda   as   JSDF officer
  • Wataru Omae   as   air traffic controller
  • Kyoko Mori   as   nurse
  • Hiroko Minami   as   convertible passenger
  • Tadashi Okabe   as   reporter
  • Yoshio Katsube   as   reporter
  • Minoru Ito   as   reporter
  • Shiro Tsuchiya   as   Ground Chief of Staff
  • Takuzo Kumagai   as   Joint Staff Council Chairman
  • Toku Ihara   as   diver
  • Kuniyoshi Kashima   as   JSDF officer
  • Masaaki Tachibana   as   reporter
  • Hideo Shibuya   as   reporter
  • Yutaka Oka   as   reporter
  • Bin Furuya   as   coast guard
  • Seishiro Kuno   as   fisherman
  • Haruo Nakajima   as   Gaira
  • Hiroshi Sekita   as   Sanda
  • Yasuhiro Komiya   as   adolescent Sanda (voice actor: Kasei Kinoshita)

International English dub

  • Barbara Laney   as   Akemi Togawa
  • Hal Archer   as   Dr. Yuzo Mamiya / JSDF soldiers
  • Nick Kendall   as   Major General Hashimoto / Professor Kita
  • John Wallace   as   Hirai
  • Barry Haigh   as   Chief Izumida / JSDF officer / reporter
  • Warren Rooke   as   Lt. Col. Kazama / reporter / radio announcer

Glen Glenn Sound Company English dub

  • Russ Tamblyn   as   Dr. Paul Stewart
  • Virginia Gregg   as   Akemi Togawa / convertible passenger
  • Jim Boles   as   Major General Hashimoto / Professor Kita / JSDF officer
  • Sam Edwards   as   Lt. Col. Kazama / convertible driver
  • Riley Jackson   as   radio announcer / JSDF officer


Appearances

Monsters

Weapons, vehicles, and races

Production

Toho originally planned to produce a direct sequel to the 1965 film Frankenstein vs. Baragon, which was directed by Ishiro Honda. Honda, who was signed on to direct the follow-up, felt that the film would work better as a standalone independent story, and so it was decided to write the film as independent from the previous film.[2] The film's story was rooted in the ancient Japanese myth Umihiko Yamahiko. While the Gargantuas are technically clones created from cell division, they are deliberately referred to as "brothers" and not father and son. In the script, neither of the Gargantuas are named, they are only referred to as "Mountain Frankenstein" and "Sea Frankenstein." The first draft of the script was titled The Frankenstein Brothers (フランケンシュタインの兄弟,   Furankenshutain no Kyōdai);[3] later titles included Strife of Frankenstein (フランケンシュタインの斗争,   Furankenshutain no Tōsō) and Duel of the Frankensteins (フランケンシュタインの決闘,   Furankenshutain no Kettō).[3][4] In a July 28, 1965 publication of Variety, the film was announced under the working title The Two Frankensteins.[5] The script did not include the Maser Cannons,[3] but Honda decided to add them to the film as he felt they would add to the dramatic atmosphere. Tohl Narita, later famous for his work on Tsuburaya Productions' Ultra Series and Mighty Jack, was in charge of the monster designs for the film.

Gallery

Main article: The War of the Gargantuas/Gallery.

Soundtrack

Main article: The War of the Gargantuas/Soundtrack.

Alternate titles

  • Frankenstein's Monsters: Sanda vs. Gaira (literal Japanese title)
  • Monster Giant Sanda (怪獣ジャイアント サンダ,   Kaijū Jaianto Sanda, Japanese 8mm title)
  • War of the Gargantuas (alternate English title)
  • Frankenstein: Duel of the Giants (Frankenstein - Zweikampf der Giganten; West Germany)
  • The War of the Monsters (La Guerre des monstres; France; French Belgium; De Oorlog der Monsters; Dutch Belgium)
  • The Monsters from the Secret Planets (Les monstres des planètes secrètes; France; reissue title)
  • Katango (Italy)
  • Kong, Hurricane on the Metropolis (Kong, Uragano sulla Metropoli; Italy; reissue title)
  • Brother of Frankenstein (India)
  • Katango's War (the Netherlands)
  • Duel of Monsters (Pojedynek potworów; Poland)
  • Battle of the Giants (Kong and King) ((קרב הענקים (קונג וקינג; Israel)
  • The Invasion of the Gargantuas (A Invasão dos Gargântuas; Brazil)
  • The Battle of the Giant Simians (La Batalla de los Simios Gigantes; Spain; La Batalla dels Simis Gegants; Spain (Catalonia))
  • The War of the Gorillas (La Guerra de los Gorilas; Mexico)
  • King Kong Wars (King Kongarnas krig; Sweden)

Theatrical releases

  • Japan - July 31, 1966
  • United States - July 29, 1970
  • Canada - November 6, 1970
  • Thailand - 1967
  • Brazil - October 1967
  • France - January 3, 1968; 1970
  • Turkey - November 5, 1968
  • Italy - November 1968; 1976
  • Colombia - 1968
  • West Germany - 1968
  • Mexico - 1970
  • Portugal - November 9, 1970
  • Netherlands - July 19, 1973
  • Finland - 1974
  • Poland - 1975
  • Spain - 1976
  • Israel - 1977
  • Sweden - September 19, 1977

Foreign releases

Dutch ad for The War of the Gargantuas in Het vrije volk: democratisch-socialistisch dagblad (March 14, 1974)

Toho commissioned an unedited English dub of the film for international export. While the company responsible for the dub's creation remains unconfirmed, the uncredited voice cast - comprised mainly of North American expatriates - can be identified as associates of Ted Thomas' Axis International, based in Hong Kong.[a] This list does not include Thomas himself or his wife and fellow voice actor Linda Masson, however, possibly due to the pair having spent the majority of 1966 away in England.[8] If recorded in 1966, it would count as the only Hong Kong dub from that year known. This export dub was recorded no later than 1970, when news coverage of dubber Nick Kendall (alias of Nicholas Kapochena) ceases in South China Morning Post and he appeared to have moved back to his native Canada.[9] An unknown voice actor dubbed over Russ Tamblyn’s voice, and although Tamblyn called the monsters "Gargantuas" on-set,[10] the export dub follows the complete Japanese dialogue, in which all characters call the monsters "Frankensteins." The export dub features the earliest known dub roles of prolific Hong Kong voice actors Barry Haigh and Warren Rooke, as well as the unidentified voice actor who dubbed Tamblyn.

An 88-minute English-dubbed version of the film was submitted to India's Central Board of Film Censors (CBFC) by Patel Enterprises of Bombay, and passed uncut with an "A" rating on March 1, 1967.[11] The film bore the title The War of the Gargantuas-Brother of Frankenstein in the CBFC's report on this decision, and the title The War of the Gargantuas The Brothers of Frankenstein in its report on a trailer rated three days later on March 4. The CBFC passed the trailer with a "U" rating and ordered deletions to two sections matching the contents of the export trailer.[11][12] The earliest identified Indian screening took place on January 31, 1969, with several more screenings occurring in 1972, all under the title Brother of Frankenstein.[13][14]

In 1973, the export dub saw theatrical release in the Netherlands with Dutch subtitles, as Katango's War. Original newspaper showtimes and ads rated the film "14" or "14 jaar," for persons aged 14 and up. The film first screened at the Royal in Amsterdam, North Holland on July 19 of that year[15] and continued to play across the Netherlands through 1980. The last known screening occurred at Theater Kerkrade in Kerkrade, Limburg on December 20, 1980.[16]

Though Toho included the export trailer on their Japanese 1992 laserdisc and 2002 DVD releases of the film, the dub itself remained difficult for the wider public to access for decades. A Dutch video distributor active in the 1980s called Video Movies Leerdam (VML) released the film on VHS twice; these remain the only home video releases of the export dub. Both of the tapes that VML issued use the title Gappa en de vliegende monsters van Dracula (the Dutch theatrical title for Gappa) and their covers include artwork and publicity stills for Gappa, as well as the names of that movie's director and top-billed cast. However, the summary on the back of both tapes details the plot of The War of the Gargantuas and the tapes themselves feature a transfer of an original 35mm projection print of Katango's War, which includes the English opening credits meant to accompany the export dub.[17][18][19] Due to heavy projection damage, the print contains a large number of splices accounting for the loss of the English ending title, as well as parts of and entire lines. As a result of the splices, the print runs only 74 minutes in PAL (or 77 minutes at 24 frames per second).[20]

U.S. The War of the Gargantuas and Monster Zero double feature poster

U.S. release

The War of the Gargantuas was released in the United States in 1970 by Maron Films as a double feature with Monster Zero. Dialogue supervisor Riley Jackson dubbed both films at Glen Glenn Sound. The script refers to the monsters Sanda and Gaira as the "Brown Gargantua" and the "Green Gargantua," respectively. UPA brought back Russ Tamblyn to dub all of his own lines because, as post production supervisor Richard Krown recalled, Toho "did not record [Tamblyn's] voice very well." Krown adds that "he wasn’t happy doing that. It was very obvious he was not happy doing that. In a couple of days, we did all his lines, but he was not very sociable."[21] The U.S. version contains nearly 10 minutes of alternate scenes, extended scenes, and unique special effects shots, all filmed during principal photography at Toho by arrangement of UPA and Henry G. Saperstein. Most of the alternate scenes establish Russ Tamblyn's character earlier than the Japanese version by inserting him into scenes where he did not appear in that version.[22] UPA altered the film's music score significantly, replacing instances of Akira Ifukube's "Operation L" leitmotif with a library track by American composer Philip Green entitled "Terror Hunt" and occasionally with other cues from the film. Cues from Monster Zero were also inserted.

Janus Films made the export dub available to stream via STARZ and FilmStruck in 2017,[23][24][25] marking the export dub's first public stateside exposure. For their presentation of the film, Janus synced the export dub to a transfer of the Japanese version. Toho provided materials for the dub in much better condition than the Dutch print; however, while they provided a complete element of the dub runtime-wise, the mix lacks part of a PA announcer's dialogue during Gaira's attack on Haneda Airport and partially switches to the original Japanese for this brief moment.[26] Though FilmStruck closed in 2018, Janus' presentation of the film remains available on Max and The Criterion Channel.

Video releases

Toho VHS (1983)

  • Region: N/A
  • Cassettes: 1
  • Audio: Japanese
  • Special features: None
  • Notes: Reissued in 1996 with the addition of the "overseas" (UPA) version of the film.

Toho LaserDisc (1985)

  • Region: NTSC
  • Discs: 1
  • Audio: Japanese
  • Special features: None
  • Notes: A remastered version was released in 1992.

Toho DVD (2002)

  • Region: 2
  • Audio: Japanese
  • Special features: Excerpts from the UPA version of the film, images of Monster Giant Sanda 8mm sonosheet and picture book set, audio commentary by Kumi Mizuno moderated by Toshiaki Sato

Toho DVD (2007) [Toho Special Effects Giant Creatures Box]

Toho Blu-ray (2010)

  • Region: A/1
  • Audio: Japanese

Classic Media DVD (2008)[27]

  • Region: 1
  • Discs: 2
  • Audio: Japanese (2.0 Mono), English (2.0 Mono)
  • Special features: Bringing Godzilla Down to Size documentary (69 minutes)
  • Notes: Packaged with Rodan. Out of print.

Videos

Trailers

Japanese trailer
U.S. trailer
U.S. The War of the Gargantuas and Monster Zero trailer
U.S. The War of the Gargantuas and Monster Zero TV spot #1
U.S. The War of the Gargantuas and Monster Zero TV spot #2
U.S. The War of the Gargantuas and Monster Zero radio spot
West German trailer
International trailer

Miscellaneous

English credits from the international version
Roger Corman hosts The War of the Gargantuas for AMC Monsterfest 1999
Wikizilla: YouTube The Gargantuas in Scooby-Doo?

Trivia

  • The War of the Gargantuas was theatrically released in Japan as a triple feature with Tsuru no Ongaeshi and Jungle Emperor.[28]
  • The Japanese cut of The War of the Gargantuas makes several ambiguous references to Frankenstein vs. Baragon (1965), but the only direct link between them is the name "Frankenstein," which appears in the Japanese title for this film and is used to refer to the Gargantuas ("Frankensteins") in dialogue. Allusions and flashbacks to the events of the previous film seem to recast and rename the three main characters and move their laboratory from Hiroshima to Kyoto, while inserting Sanda into Frankenstein's role.
    • Additionally, Kumi Mizuno's character in this film, Akemi Togawa, is very similar to her character Sueko Togami from Frankenstein vs. Baragon, leading some to erroneously believe that she was reprising the role.
  • According to the 2014 book Godzilla Dictionary (New Edition), both The War of the Gargantuas and its predecessor Frankenstein vs. Baragon take place in the same timeline as the Godzilla films of the Showa series.
  • A shot where Gaira avoids blasts from the Maser Cannons by crawling into the cover of trees is reused as stock footage in both Godzilla vs. Gigan (1972) and in Godzilla vs. Megalon (1973), with Gaira's partially-visible form standing in for Gigan and Megalon, respectively.
  • The War of the Gargantuas is referenced in the beginning of the 2002 Godzilla film Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla, and stock footage of Gaira from the film is shown. Supplementary materials for the sequel to Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla, Godzilla: Tokyo SOS reveal that The War of the Gargantuas is part of the continuity of the two films, along with the events of several other non-Godzilla films from the Showa era.
  • The War of the Gargantuas is the third and final co-production between Toho and UPA subsidiary Benedict Productions, following Frankenstein vs. Baragon and Invasion of Astro-Monster. It was not, however, UPA's last involvement with Toho's kaiju films, as the company aired Terror of Mechagodzilla on television in the U.S. in 1978.
  • This film marks the first appearance of the Maser Cannons in a Toho film. The Maser Cannons would go on to become famous recurring military weapons in Toho's Godzilla films over the next several decades.
  • The American producer of the film, Henry G. Saperstein, had reportedly planned to make a collaborative Japanese-American Godzilla film. It has long been speculated that this film would pit Godzilla against one or both of the Gargantuas, but there is no concrete evidence supporting this. However, author Patrick Macias mentions in his 2006 book Otaku in USA - Love & Misunderstanding! The History of Adopted Anime in America! that Saperstein allegedly planned to produce a sequel to The War of the Gargantuas featuring Godzilla battling against one of the Gargantuas as a cyborg, though this idea was also never realized.[29]
  • The original ending of the film was to not only have Sanda and Gaira swallowed up by the underwater volcano, but the lava was to have spread to Tokyo where it was to destroy the city as well as the remaining cells of the monsters; cited in an interview with director Honda in Guy Tucker's Age of the Gods: A History of the Japanese Fantasy Film.
  • Gaira and Sanda re-appeared in Go! Godman episodes 16 "Godman vs. Sanda" and 17 "Godman vs. Gaira" as well as in Go! Greenman Episodes 4 "Greenman vs. Gaira" and 31 "Greenman vs. Sanda." Gaira later made an appearance in the 2008 Go! Godman film.
  • The insert song "Feel In My Heart" (also known as "The Words Get Stuck In My Throat" in the U.S. version), performed by Kipp Hamilton, was later covered by the American rock band Devo.[30]
  • Quentin Tarantino based the fight between Uma Thurman and Daryl Hannah in Kill Bill Vol. 2 on the final battle from The War of the Gargantuas. He showed his copy of the film to both actresses and told them he wanted it to be "The War of the Blonde Gargantuas."
  • During the 2012 Oscars, there was a segment called "First Movie Moments" where famous actors describe the first movie they remember seeing. Actor Brad Pitt stated that the first movie he ever saw was none other than The War of the Gargantuas.[31]
  • Hajime Isayama happened to see The War of the Gargantuas on television as a child, and has said that it served as an influence when he created Attack on Titan.[32] Isayama's manga was later adapted into two live action tokusatsu kaiju films by Toho in 2015.
  • The Chinese poster for the 2018 film The Predator was inspired by the poster for The War of the Gargantuas.[33]
  • In the Japanese trailer for the film, Sanda and Gaira both have roars which differ from those in the actual film. One roar is a higher-pitched Rodan roar and the other is Varan's roar mixed with King Kong's. These roars would go on to be used for the Ultra kaiju Antlar and Chandora, respectively.
  • While they have never appeared in a Godzilla film outside of stock footage, the Gargantuas have appeared in officially-licensed Godzilla media such as video games, manga, and comic books.
  • Renji Oki, author of the novels GODZILLA: Monster Apocalypse and GODZILLA: Project Mechagodzilla, stated in an interview that he considered including the Gargantuas in one of the novels, but the novels' setting supervisor Seichi Shirato did not feel right using them without Frankenstein being involved in their backstory.[34]
  • In a 2019 interview, Godzilla: King of the Monsters director Michael Dougherty commented that his top pick for monsters to be added to the Monsterverse would be the Gargantuas, followed by Biollante.[35]

External links

Notes

  1. The 1998 books Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of "The Big G" by Steve Ryfle and Monsters Are Attacking Tokyo! by Stuart Galbraith IV state that the export dub was recorded by Tokyo-based company Frontier Enterprises.[6][7] This claim is dubious, however, as none of the voice actors identified in the available dub are known to have ever recorded outside of Hong Kong, and no dub featuring Tokyo voice actors has ever surfaced.

References

This is a list of references for The War of the Gargantuas. These citations are used to identify the reliable sources on which this article is based. These references appear inside articles in the form of superscript numbers, which look like this: [1]

  1. Ryfle 1998, p. 125.
  2. Hariken, Ryu (1992). Godzilla Monster Super Quiz. Kubo Shoten. p. 123. ISBN 4765910601.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Toho Special Effects Movie Complete Works. villagebooks. 28 September 2012. pp. 106–109. ISBN 9784864910132.
  4. Tokusatsu Hiho Vol. 3. Yosensha. 13 March 2016. p. 121. ISBN 978-4-8003-0865-8.
  5. Variety, July 28, 1965.jpg
  6. Ryfle 1998, p. 152.
  7. Galbraith IV 1998, p. 40.
  8. South China Sunday Post - Herald 1966, p. 73: "Mr Ted Thomas, Radio Hongkong Senior Producer, sailed with his wife for England. They will be away for a year during which time Mr Thomas will take a BBC course . . ."
  9. Vancouver Sun 1970, p. 42: "Metro Theatre will present Arthur Miller's drama, A View From the Bridge, from Feb. 12 - 21. Featured in the cast are Nick Kendall Kaopchena (sic), Pat Barlow, Henrick Sanghaas, Janice Perry, Barry Schawb and Paul Batten. The director is Michael Berry."
  10. HD Retro Trailers (11 December 2019). "The War of the Gargantuas (1966) ORIGINAL TRAILER [HD 1080p]". YouTube.
  11. 11.0 11.1 The Gazette of India 1967, p. 570
  12. The Gazette of India 1967, p. 569.
  13. Malabar Herald 1969, p. 6.
  14. The Times of India 1972, p. 2: "BROTHER OF FRANKENSTEIN (Color). Russ Tamblyn, Kunni (sic) Mizuno."
  15. Het Parool & 1973, p. 2.
  16. Limburgsch dagblad 1980, p. 10.
  17. Gappa-hol-2000.jpg
  18. "Gappa en de vliegende monsters van Dracula". LastDodo.com. 27 July 2016.
  19. "Re: DUTCH VHS SLEEVES". The Cinehound Forum. 1 January 2008.
  20. Japango (12 April 2004). "GAPPA - FRANKENSTEINS FLIEGENDE MONSTER (1967)". OFDb.de.
  21. "GODZILLA'S CROWNING MOMENT! UPA's Post-Production Supervisor Richard Krown on Americanizing Toho Classics!". Vantage Point Interviews. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  22. azog (30 April 2010). "War of the Gargantuas, The (Comparison: Japanese Version - US Version)". Movie-Censorship.com.
  23. Clark, Ryan (2 November 2017). "Starz Encore Action to Air Godzilla Throughout November; Janus Films Involvement". Kaiju & Tokusatsu Home Theatre.
  24. G. H. (Gman) (3 December 2017). "Criterion Godzilla Films to Stream on FilmStruck this Month". GODZILLA-MOVIES.COM.
  25. Tamura (2 November 2017). "Re: Criterion and Starz streaming Godzilla films". Toho Kingdom.
  26. SpaceHunterM (4 November 2017). "pwease no landy σωσ". YouTube.
  27. Amazon.com: The War of the Gargantuas
  28. 0002017418.jpg
  29. Macias, Patrick (2006). Otaku in USA - Love & Misunderstanding! The History of Adopted Anime in America!. Ota Publishing. ISBN 978-4778310028.
  30. Macias, Patrick (2001). Tokyo Scope: The Japanese Cult Film Companion. Cadence Books. p. 22. ISBN 1-569-31681-3..
  31. Oscars 2012 - Brad Pitt's first movie moment was "The War of the Gargantuas"
  32. [1]
  33. Predator Gargantuas.jpg
  34. [2]
  35. McKenzie, Ron (13 August 2019). "Sinister Seven: GODZILLA's MIKE DOUGHERTY: KING OF THE MONSTER(KID)S". Rue Morgue.

Bibliography

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