Type 81 Surface-to-Air Missile
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The Type 81 Surface-to-Air Missile (81式短距離地対空誘導弾), also known as Tan-SAM (短SAM), is a surface-to-air missile that appeared in the 1995 Daiei film Gamera the Guardian of the Universe.
History
Heisei era
Gamera the Guardian of the Universe
As Gamera chased the last remaining Gyaos that hatched from the eggs on Himegami Island, the JSDF, falsely mistaking Gamera as the bigger threat due to damages he caused chasing the Gyaos and severely underestimating the threat the Gyaos posed, fired two Type 81 missiles at the turtle monster, causing him to plummet in the Mount Fuji area. There he was came under fire from tanks and artillery shells. The Gyaos took advantage of this and joined in on the attack forcing Gamera to retreat.
Days later the Gyaos would attack Tokyo, having grown to the same size as Gamera, eating many people before falling asleep. Finally understanding that Gyaos is the real threat, the JSDF wait till day time to ambush the sleeping Super Gyaos with a volley of Type 81 missiles. The first volley hit the sleeping giant in the park but she survived seemingly unharmed. Even worse she had grown armor plating around her eyes, allowing the nocturnal creature an easier time to see and fly in the day time.
As it took to the sky a second volley of missiles were fired at it but the creature flew around Tokyo Tower, confusing the missiles guidance system. The missiles crashed into the landmark, resulting in the upper levels of the tower to collapse and fall over. The Gyaos landed on the remains of the tower, now using it as a makeshift nest where she would lay her eggs.
Mechanisms
Loading style
The missile has eight wings, four delta wings on the middle section and four clipped steering wings near the back end. Four missiles can be loaded and fired from a turret that is loaded onto the back of a truck. The missiles can be fed data for their flight path from either pulse-doppler phased array radar or an optical director on a tripod.[1]
Guidance
Initially the missile is inertia guided before switching to passive infrared homing guidance. Once it is in this all-aspect heat seeking mode it can reach a velocity of Mach 2.9. The missile is loaded with a warhead that is both high-explosive and fragmentation, damaging hard surface targets with concussive pressure waves and soft targets with fragmented pieces traveling as high speed projectiles. The missile can be programed to detonate either in close proximity of a target or after making contact with it.[1]
Gallery
Missile turret loaded on the flatbed of a truck.
References
This is a list of references for Type 81 Surface-to-Air Missile. These citations are used to identify the reliable sources on which this article is based. These references appear inside articles in the form of superscript numbers, which look like this: [1]
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