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'''American International Pictures''' ('''AIP''') | '''American International Pictures''' ('''AIP''') is a film production label of [[wikipedia:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]]. In its first incarnation as an [[United States|American]] film distributor, it was founded in [[1954]] as '''American Releasing Corporation''' ('''ARC''') by [[James H. Nicholson]] and [[Samuel Z. Arkoff]].{{sfn|Craig|2019|p=5}} AIP released low-budget American films and imported films from the 1950s to the 1970s, including many [[tokusatsu]] films made by [[Toho]] and [[Daiei]]. AIP formed its own television production and distribution company, '''American International Television''' ('''AITV'''), in [[1964]],{{sfn|Craig|2019|p=13}} which released five of the eight films in the [[Showa era|Showa]] ''[[Gamera (franchise)|Gamera]]'' series and several other kaiju and tokusatsu films to American television. The company went defunct in 1979 and was acquired by '''Filmways''', which syndicated ''[[Gamera Super Monster]]'' in the U.S. in [[1982]], two years after being purchased by Orion Pictures.{{sfn|Craig|2019|p=425}} Most of AIP's library is now owned by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), which purchased Orion in 1997.{{sfn|Craig|2019|p=6}} In 2020, AIP was relaunched by MGM as a label for limited and digital releases of new independent films. | ||
{{TOC}} | {{TOC}} | ||
==Selected releases== | ==Selected releases== | ||
===American International Pictures=== | ===American International Pictures=== | ||
*''[[wikipedia:Reptilicus|Reptilicus]]'' (1963) | *''[[wikipedia:Reptilicus|Reptilicus]]'' (1963) | ||
*''[[Atragon | *''[[Atragon#U.S. release|Atragon]]'' (1964) | ||
*''[[Mothra vs. Godzilla#U.S. release|Godzilla vs. | *''[[Mothra vs. Godzilla#U.S. release|Godzilla vs. The Thing]]'' (1964) | ||
*''[[Frankenstein vs. Baragon#U.S. release|Frankenstein Conquers the World]]'' (1966) | *''[[Frankenstein vs. Baragon#U.S. release|Frankenstein Conquers the World]]'' (1966) | ||
*''[[Destroy All Monsters#U.S. release|Destroy All Monsters]]'' (1969) | *''[[Destroy All Monsters#U.S. release|Destroy All Monsters]]'' (1969) | ||
*''[[Space Amoeba#U.S. release|Yog, Monster from Space]]'' (1971) | *''[[Space Amoeba#U.S. release|Yog, Monster from Space]]'' (1971) | ||
*''[[Godzilla vs. Hedorah#U.S. release|Godzilla vs. the Smog Monster]]'' (1972) | *''[[Godzilla vs. Hedorah#U.S. release|Godzilla vs. the Smog Monster]]'' (1972) | ||
===American International Television=== | ===American International Television=== | ||
*''[[Matango (film)#U.S. release|Attack of the Mushroom People]]'' (TV 1965)<ref name="Syndication">{{harvnb|Craig|2019|p=429}}</ref> | *''[[Matango (film)#U.S. release|Attack of the Mushroom People]]'' (TV 1965)<ref name="Syndication">{{harvnb|Craig|2019|p=429}}</ref> | ||
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*''[[Gamera vs. Barugon#U.S. release|War of the Monsters]]'' (TV 1967){{R|Syndication}} | *''[[Gamera vs. Barugon#U.S. release|War of the Monsters]]'' (TV 1967){{R|Syndication}} | ||
*''[[Gamera vs. Gyaos#U.S. release|Return of the Giant Monsters]]'' (TV 1968){{R|Syndication}} | *''[[Gamera vs. Gyaos#U.S. release|Return of the Giant Monsters]]'' (TV 1968){{R|Syndication}} | ||
*''[[Warning from Space]]'' (TV 1968){{#tag:ref|''Warning from Space'' was initially Americanized and released to television in the [[United States]] by Four Star International in [[1964]]. It was subsequently re-released by American International Television beginning in 1968.{{sfn|Heffernan|2004|pp=240-241}}{{sfn|Craig|2019|p=403}}|group="note"}} | *''[[Warning from Space]]'' (TV 1968){{#tag:ref|''Warning from Space'' was initially Americanized and released to television syndication in the [[United States]] by Four Star International in [[1964]]. It was subsequently re-released by American International Television beginning in 1968.{{sfn|Heffernan|2004|pp=240-241}}{{sfn|Craig|2019|p=403}}|group="note"}} | ||
*''[[The X from Outer Space#U.S. release|The X from Outer Space]]'' (TV 1968){{R|Syndication}} | *''[[The X from Outer Space#U.S. release|The X from Outer Space]]'' (TV 1968){{R|Syndication}} | ||
*''[[wikipedia:Giant Robo (TV series)|Johnny Sokko and His Flying Robot]]'' (TV 1969){{sfn|Craig|2019|p=23}} | *''[[wikipedia:Giant Robo (TV series)|Johnny Sokko and His Flying Robot]]'' (TV 1969){{sfn|Craig|2019|p=23}} | ||
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*''[[Magic Serpent#U.S. release|Magic Serpent]]'' (TV 1970){{R|Syndication}} | *''[[Magic Serpent#U.S. release|Magic Serpent]]'' (TV 1970){{R|Syndication}} | ||
*''[[Return of Daimajin#U.S. release|Return of Giant Majin]]'' (TV 1970){{R|Syndication}} | *''[[Return of Daimajin#U.S. release|Return of Giant Majin]]'' (TV 1970){{R|Syndication}} | ||
*''[[wikipedia:Giant Robo (TV series)#Alternate versions | *''[[wikipedia:Giant Robo (TV series)#Alternate versions|Voyage Into Space]]'' (TV 1970){{R|Syndication}} | ||
*''[[Yongary, Monster from the Deep#U.S. release|Yongary, Monster from the Deep]]'' (TV 1970){{R|Syndication}} | *''[[Yongary, Monster from the Deep#U.S. release|Yongary, Monster from the Deep]]'' (TV 1970){{R|Syndication}} | ||
===Filmways Pictures=== | ===Filmways Pictures=== | ||
*''[[Gamera Super Monster]]'' (TV | *''[[Gamera Super Monster]]'' (TV 1982) | ||
==Trivia== | ==Trivia== | ||
*AIP's version of ''[[Mothra vs. Godzilla]]'' and a reconstruction of its version of ''[[Frankenstein vs. Baragon]]'' | *AIP's version of ''[[Mothra vs. Godzilla]]'' was released on DVD by [[Simitar Entertainment]] and [[Classic Media]], and a poor quality reconstruction of its version of ''[[Frankenstein vs. Baragon]]'' was released to DVD by [[wikipedia:Media Blasters#Tokyo Shock|Media Blasters]]. Media Blasters released ''Destroy All Monsters'' with AIP's Titan Productions dub as an alternate audio track on both DVD and Blu-ray in 2011, only for the release to be pulled from circulation shortly afterward due to a dispute with [[Toho]] over special features that were included. AIP's version of ''[[Godzilla vs. Hedorah]]'' was only ever released on LaserDisc and VHS by [[Orion Pictures]]. | ||
*For many years, the five [[Showa era|Showa]] ''[[Gamera (franchise)|Gamera]]'' films released by AITV were believed to be in the public domain by numerous companies. Some, such as Sinister Cinema and [[wikipedia:Something Weird Video|Something Weird Video]], were the first to bring these versions to VHS, followed by DVD releases from [[wikipedia:Alpha Video|Alpha Video]], [[wikipedia:Fred Olen Ray#2000s to present|Retromedia]], and others in the early 2000s. Neptune Media was the first company to officially release the soundtrack from AITV's ''[[Gamera vs. Guiron#U.S. release|Attack of the Monsters]]'' on home video. [[Shout! Factory]]'s ''Gamera'' DVDs, released from 2010 to 2011, included the AITV soundtracks for ''[[Gamera vs. Gyaos#U.S. release|Return of the Giant Monsters]]'', ''[[Gamera vs. Viras#U.S. release|Destroy All Planets]]'', ''Attack of the Monsters'', and ''[[Gamera vs. Jiger#U.S. release|Gamera vs. Monster X]]'', but omitted ''[[Gamera vs. Barugon#U.S. release|War of the Monsters]]''. [[Arrow Video]]'s ''Gamera: The Complete Collection'' subsequently included remastered audio and video | *For many years, the five [[Showa era|Showa]] ''[[Gamera (franchise)|Gamera]]'' films released by AITV were believed to be in the public domain by numerous companies. Some, such as Sinister Cinema and [[wikipedia:Something Weird Video|Something Weird Video]], were the first to bring these versions to VHS, followed by DVD releases from [[wikipedia:Alpha Video|Alpha Video]], [[wikipedia:Fred Olen Ray#2000s to present|Retromedia]], and others in the early 2000s. Neptune Media was the first company to officially release the soundtrack from AITV's ''[[Gamera vs. Guiron#U.S. release|Attack of the Monsters]]'' on home video. [[Shout! Factory]]'s ''Gamera'' DVDs, released from 2010 to 2011, included the AITV soundtracks for ''[[Gamera vs. Gyaos#U.S. release|Return of the Giant Monsters]]'', ''[[Gamera vs. Viras#U.S. release|Destroy All Planets]]'', ''Attack of the Monsters'', and ''[[Gamera vs. Jiger#U.S. release|Gamera vs. Monster X]]'', but omitted ''[[Gamera vs. Barugon#U.S. release|War of the Monsters]]''. [[Arrow Video]]'s ''Gamera: The Complete Collection'' subsequently included remastered audio and video of all five of AITV's Gamera releases. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 18:26, 9 December 2023
American International Pictures (AIP) is a film production label of MGM. In its first incarnation as an American film distributor, it was founded in 1954 as American Releasing Corporation (ARC) by James H. Nicholson and Samuel Z. Arkoff.[1] AIP released low-budget American films and imported films from the 1950s to the 1970s, including many tokusatsu films made by Toho and Daiei. AIP formed its own television production and distribution company, American International Television (AITV), in 1964,[2] which released five of the eight films in the Showa Gamera series and several other kaiju and tokusatsu films to American television. The company went defunct in 1979 and was acquired by Filmways, which syndicated Gamera Super Monster in the U.S. in 1982, two years after being purchased by Orion Pictures.[3] Most of AIP's library is now owned by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), which purchased Orion in 1997.[4] In 2020, AIP was relaunched by MGM as a label for limited and digital releases of new independent films.
Selected releases
American International Pictures
- Reptilicus (1963)
- Atragon (1964)
- Godzilla vs. The Thing (1964)
- Frankenstein Conquers the World (1966)
- Destroy All Monsters (1969)
- Yog, Monster from Space (1971)
- Godzilla vs. the Smog Monster (1972)
American International Television
- Attack of the Mushroom People (TV 1965)[5]
- Dagora, the Space Monster (TV 1965)[5]
- Majin, the Monster of Terror (TV 1967)[5]
- Monster from a Prehistoric Planet (TV 1967)[5]
- War of the Monsters (TV 1967)[5]
- Return of the Giant Monsters (TV 1968)[5]
- Warning from Space (TV 1968)[note 1]
- The X from Outer Space (TV 1968)[5]
- Johnny Sokko and His Flying Robot (TV 1969)[8]
- Attack of the Monsters (TV 1970)[5]
- Destroy All Planets (TV 1970)[5]
- Gamera vs. Monster X (TV 1970)[5]
- Magic Serpent (TV 1970)[5]
- Return of Giant Majin (TV 1970)[5]
- Voyage Into Space (TV 1970)[5]
- Yongary, Monster from the Deep (TV 1970)[5]
Filmways Pictures
- Gamera Super Monster (TV 1982)
Trivia
- AIP's version of Mothra vs. Godzilla was released on DVD by Simitar Entertainment and Classic Media, and a poor quality reconstruction of its version of Frankenstein vs. Baragon was released to DVD by Media Blasters. Media Blasters released Destroy All Monsters with AIP's Titan Productions dub as an alternate audio track on both DVD and Blu-ray in 2011, only for the release to be pulled from circulation shortly afterward due to a dispute with Toho over special features that were included. AIP's version of Godzilla vs. Hedorah was only ever released on LaserDisc and VHS by Orion Pictures.
- For many years, the five Showa Gamera films released by AITV were believed to be in the public domain by numerous companies. Some, such as Sinister Cinema and Something Weird Video, were the first to bring these versions to VHS, followed by DVD releases from Alpha Video, Retromedia, and others in the early 2000s. Neptune Media was the first company to officially release the soundtrack from AITV's Attack of the Monsters on home video. Shout! Factory's Gamera DVDs, released from 2010 to 2011, included the AITV soundtracks for Return of the Giant Monsters, Destroy All Planets, Attack of the Monsters, and Gamera vs. Monster X, but omitted War of the Monsters. Arrow Video's Gamera: The Complete Collection subsequently included remastered audio and video of all five of AITV's Gamera releases.
Notes
- ↑ Warning from Space was initially Americanized and released to television syndication in the United States by Four Star International in 1964. It was subsequently re-released by American International Television beginning in 1968.[6][7]
References
This is a list of references for American International Pictures. These citations are used to identify the reliable sources on which this article is based. These references appear inside articles in the form of superscript numbers, which look like this: [1]
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Bibliography
- Craig, Rob (2019). American International Pictures: A Comprehensive Filmography. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN 9781476666310.
- Heffernan, Kevin (2004). Ghouls, Gimmicks, and Gold: Horror Films and the American Movie Business, 1953–1968. Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822332152.
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