The Last War: Difference between revisions
(→Bibliography: Cite book "The Video Source Book" for future reference.) |
(Added Betamax release information. Having trouble applying an appropriate reference to The Video Source Book (in bib) here, however; getting "Harv and Sfn no-target errors" among others.) |
||
| Line 196: | Line 196: | ||
In November 1968, Brenco's version of ''The Last War'' was shown at two drive-in theaters in Bakersfield, California as the headliner of a triple feature with Fernando Lamas' ''The Violent Ones'' and an unreported third film. No other theatrical screenings have been identified.<ref name="TLW drive-in">{{cite book|title="BAKERSFIELD – INYO – KERN"|date=13 November 1968|publisher=The Los Angeles Times|page=85}}</ref><ref name="TLW drive-in 2">{{cite book|title="BAKERSFIELD – INYO – KERN"|date=18 November 1968|publisher=The Los Angeles Times|page=85}}</ref> | In November 1968, Brenco's version of ''The Last War'' was shown at two drive-in theaters in Bakersfield, California as the headliner of a triple feature with Fernando Lamas' ''The Violent Ones'' and an unreported third film. No other theatrical screenings have been identified.<ref name="TLW drive-in">{{cite book|title="BAKERSFIELD – INYO – KERN"|date=13 November 1968|publisher=The Los Angeles Times|page=85}}</ref><ref name="TLW drive-in 2">{{cite book|title="BAKERSFIELD – INYO – KERN"|date=18 November 1968|publisher=The Los Angeles Times|page=85}}</ref> | ||
Brenco's distribution rights and film elements were acquired by Heritage Enterprises, and they entered the film into U.S. television syndication, with the earliest known TV listings appearing in [[1975]].<ref name="TLW 1975">{{cite book|date=25 May 1975|publisher=Daily Press|page=177}}</ref> Video Gems released Brenco's edited version of the film to VHS in [[1985]], which | Brenco's distribution rights and film elements were acquired by Heritage Enterprises, and they entered the film into U.S. television syndication, with the earliest known TV listings appearing in [[1975]].<ref name="TLW 1975">{{cite book|date=25 May 1975|publisher=Daily Press|page=177}}</ref> Video Gems released Brenco's edited version of the film to VHS and Betamax in [[1985]], which remain the only official home video releases of the film in the United States to this day. The streaming and home video rights currently rest, ironically, with MGM through the Brenco films' inclusion in the Samuel Goldwyn library. | ||
==Box office== | ==Box office== | ||
Revision as of 16:35, 30 September 2023
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Great World War (1961)
“
|
LEARN WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF ANOTHER GLOBAL WAR BREAKS OUT
|
„
|
— International tagline |
The Last War (世界大戦争 Sekai Daisensō, lit. "The Great World War") is a 1961 tokusatsu science fiction drama film directed by Shue Matsubayashi and written by Toshio Yasumi and Takeshi Kimura, with special effects by Eiji Tsuburaya. Produced by Toho, it stars Frankie Sakai, Akira Takarada, Yuriko Hoshi, Nobuko Otawa, Yumi Shirakawa, Chishu Ryu, and Jerry Ito. The film was released to Japanese theaters by Toho on October 8, 1961, premiered in the non-contiguous United States on December 29, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii,[2], and was shown in its Americanized form at two California drive-ins in November 1968. It was Toho's second film released in true 4-track magnetic stereo, and the film's currently-unavailable uncut international English dub was the first that Toho mixed and released in true stereo.
Plot
In 1961, Tokyo is a bustling metropolis and Japan has recovered from the devastation of the Second World War. Mokichi Tamura works as a limousine driver at a press center where foreign reporters gather, and invests in the stock market to try and support his ill wife Oyoshi and three children. Mokichi's eldest daughter Saeko is in love with a young sailor named Takano, and the two plan to get married. Takano finally returns to Tokyo after his latest voyage and visits Ebara, the cook on his ship who could not serve on the most recent voyage due to a stomach ulcer. While recovering from his operation, Ebara has been helping his daughter Sanae run her daycare. Ebara explains to Takano that his time helping with the daycare and being around children has helped him learn to enjoy life even at his old age. Takano then comes to the Tamuras' home to stay with them for the time being. In Saeko's room, the two discuss asking for Mokichi's consent to their marriage. Saeko has already told her mother and received her blessing, but she is worried about what her father will say. Mokichi comes upstairs and overhears the conversation, and Saeko and Takano decide to finally ask for his blessing. Mokichi is hesitant, but his wife comes upstairs and joins the conversation. She recounts how madly in love Mokichi was with her when they were married, embarrassing him. Mokichi finally gives his blessing for the marriage, and the two begin planning for their wedding.
Outside of the Tamuras' peaceful family life, global political tensions are rising. The major world powers have split into two rival camps: the Federation consisting of the United States and its allies, and the Alliance consisting of the Soviet Union and its allies. Both sides have built up their nuclear arsenals, and the eruption of armed conflict could easily lead to a global nuclear war. The Cold War escalates when a Federal submarine enters Alliance military exercise ground in the North Atlantic. As a member of the Federation, Japan is obligated to take part in a war should one erupt. Despite currently suffering from a serious illness, Japanese Prime Minister Masaki is dedicated to finding a peaceful resolution and preventing nuclear armageddon. A close call occurs when a Federation base receives an accidental order to launch its nuclear arsenal. The base's commander reluctantly presses the launch button, but is informed of the error and manages to stop the countdown before the missile is launched. Watkins, an American reporter currently in Tokyo who is driven by Mokichi, visits Takano at the Tamuras' home and informs him that tensions are growing along the 38th parallel in Korea. He is worried that should armed conflict resume between the Federation-backed South Korea and Alliance-backed North Korea, it could lead to a broader global war. Watkins travels to the 38th parallel to report on the situation, shortly after which armed conflict begins as artillery on both sides exchange fire. Federation and Alliance fighters join the battle before both sides deploy ballistic nuclear missiles. While the missiles used are not particularly high yield, the use of nuclear weapons in an armed conflict is an unprecedented move that raises global concerns. The Alliance responds by constructing more missile silos at its North Pole missile base. While excavating through the ice with explosives, the Alliance accidentally triggers an avalanche that damages the controls for a nuclear missile, beginning a launch countdown. The general and personnel trapped inside the silo with the missile realize that once it is launched, retaliation will be immediate before anyone can realize it was fired in error and the world will be annihilated. Taking matters into his own hands, the general climbs to the top of the missile and succeeds in removing the activator before the missile launches. Soon after, a ceasefire is declared at the 38th parallel and relations between the Federation and Alliance seem to be improving. Military personnel on both sides have begun to breathe a sigh of relief, and plan for what they will do when they return home.
This peace is shattered once Federation and Alliance aircraft begin to battle over the Arctic Ocean. War is declared as forces from both sides begin entering each other's territory. The use of nuclear weapons by both sides to attack the other's major cities appears inevitable, and a panic breaks out. Takano elopes with Saeko in Yokohama before leaving for his next voyage. Hearing the news of the impending nuclear war at sea, Takano contacts Saeko via telegram and the two exchange their final goodbyes. Saeko joins her family for New Year's dinner, which will in all likelihood be their final meal. While Oyoshi and Saeko are well aware of their impending doom, Mokichi remains in denial, insisting humanity will not bring about its own destruction. Oyoshi struggles to keep her composure and play along, but Saeko breaks down and expresses the certainty that they will all be killed. Mokichi storms off to his room and watches the sunset from his balcony. He loudly declares he and his family will survive, that he will move to a summer home with his wife, that he will have a beautiful wedding for Saeko, that he will see his younger daughter Haru fulfill her dream to become a stewardess, and that he will see his son attend university, something he himself could never do. As Mokichi finally accepts the reality of the situation, he breaks down and sobs. Sanae remains at her daycare with the children whose parents could not retrieve them, and comforts them in their final moments by reading to them. The Prime Minister sits silently and dejected in a room in the National Diet Building, his efforts to preserve global peace ultimately in vain. At an Alliance missile base, one of the personnel agonizingly presses the button that launches a nuclear missile at Tokyo. The missile reaches and explodes over the city, the shockwave blasting apart the countless buildings like paper and causing Tokyo Bay to boil. Flame storms through the city, incinerating the ruined scraps of the metropolis. Black nuclear rain pours onto the burning city, as the ground splits open and pours forth molten lava into the streets. A terrifying mushroom cloud envelops the city and can be seen from miles away. Other major cities around the globe meet the same fate: New York, Paris, London, Moscow, and many others are wiped off the map in an instant.
Out at sea, Takano and the others on his boat witness the end of Tokyo as they see a mushroom cloud rising overhead. The captain asks the crew what they shall do next, remain at sea or return home to the remnants of Tokyo. If they return, they will contract lethal radiation sickness from the fallout, and their boat will be contaminated before they even reach the shore. Everyone remains silent, signaling a unanimous decision to return home, with which the captain agrees. Ebara comes on deck and gives everyone coffee, feigning happiness and remarking how a good cup of coffee makes him feel glad to be alive. He looks out over the sea and struggles to maintain his composure, asking why they are willingly going to their deaths if life is so good. The captain gives the order to turn back to Tokyo, where its entire crew will meet certain death. Takano and Ebara stand on deck before finally breaking down and weeping as they prepare to join their loved ones in death.
As the Diet Building sits among the scorched and molten ruins of Tokyo, the audience is reminded that this is a work of fiction that could one day become reality. Only by working together can mankind avoid this terrible fate.
Staff
- Main article: The Last War/Credits.
Staff role on the left, staff member's name on the right.
- Directed by Shue Matsubayashi
- Written by Toshio Yasumi, Takeshi Kimura
- Executive producers Sanezumi Fujimoto, Tomoyuki Tanaka
- Music by Ikuma Dan
- Cinematography by Rokuro Nishigaki
- Edited by Koichi Iwashita
- Production design by Takeo Kita, Teruaki Abe
- 1st assistant director Yasuyoshi Tajitsu
- Director of special effects Eiji Tsuburaya
- 1st assistant director of special effects Masakatsu Asai (uncredited)
Cast
|
Actor's name on the left, character played on the right.
|
|
Appearances
Weapons, vehicles, and organizations
- Federation
- McDonnell F-101 Voodoo
- Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight
- Lockheed C-130 Hercules
- Federal Missile Tank
- Nuclear Missile
- Federal Attack Submarine
- Alliance
- Allied Fighter Plane
- Allied Attack Submarine
Production
For the scenes depicting the destruction of Tokyo, Paris, Moscow, New York City, and London, Eiji Tsuburaya suggested creating miniatures out of paraffin, before it was decided to use wafers. In a 1996 interview, miniature builder Yoshio Irie recalled, "Since the destruction of the world's cities was going to be such a crucial element of [The Last War], we tried to find a substance that would produce especially convincing results when blown up. We experimented with many different materials, but found that wafers worked best. Unfortunately, we also found that mice liked to eat the wafers."[3] In order to ward off the mice, several of the miniatures were hung and filmed upside down, which had the added effect of making them appear to be blasted high into the air.[3]
Gallery
- Main article: The Last War/Gallery.
Soundtrack
- Main article: The Last War/Soundtrack.
Alternate titles
- World War III: Tokyo's Last Day (第三次世界大戦 東京最後の日 Daisanji Sekai Taisen: Tōkyō Saigo no Hi, early Japanese title)[4]
- (㐧三次世界大戦 東京最後の日 Daisanji Sekai Taisen, alternate spelling)[4]
- The Final War (La Guerra Final; Mexico)
- Last War (L'ultima guerra, Italy)
- Death-Rays from Outer Space (Todesstrahlen aus dem Weltall; West Germany)
- The Last War of the Apocalypse (La Dernière Guerre de l'Apocalypse; France)
- The Last Day of the World (O Último Dia do Mundo; Brazil)
Theatrical releases
View all posters for the film here.
- Japan - October 8, 1961 [view poster]
- Hong Kong - March 15, 1962 / June 14, 1962 (4-track stereo)
- Singapore - November 17, 1962
- India - November 28, 1962
- Mexico - September 5, 1963 [view poster]
- United States - January 8, 1967
- West Germany - 1977
Foreign releases
The Last War had its first known international showing at the Nippon Theatre in Honolulu, Hawaii, on December 29, 1961, in Japanese with English subtitles. Regular showings at the Nippon began on January 3, 1962, with the Queen Theater playing it in May.[2][5]
Though this big budget spectacle features numerous scenes with English-speaking actors and was produced with the intention of wide international distribution,[6] the film received very little known play outside of East and South Asia and no wide theatrical release in the United States. An uncut English language international dub commissioned by Toho[7] and realized by William Ross' Tokyo-based Frontier Enterprises[8] received its first known public screenings in Hong Kong in March 1962.[9] This release was successful enough that the film was brought back in June of that year with advertised 4-track stereophonic sound, just like the original Japanese release,[10][11] in a very early example of an English dubbed film released in true stereo. The film was then shown in Singapore in November of the same year.[12]
At the end of November, the uncut English dub was released in India with a newspaper ad featuring an enthusiastic recommendation by then-current (and first post-independence) Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.[13] The Indian release was a monumental, record-breaking[14] eight-week run[15] that led to the import of more Toho films to India, with newspaper ads recalling Toho as "the makers of The Last War" years after the successful Indian run.[16][17]
Though the mono version of the unique trailer made for Toho's uncut English dubbed version has been included on Japanese home video releases, the actual dub has yet to be released in the United States or appear on any home video format anywhere in the world in either of its mono or 4-track stereo versions.
U.S. release
On October 17, 1961, nine days after the domestic premiere of The Last War and six days following a nationwide AP story vividly describing the film's climax,[18] Toho offered the film's U.S. distribution rights up for bid. Columbia and Paramount were among the interested parties.[19] In November 1961, Pacific Stars and Stripes reported that MGM was due to release the film sometime in March 1962.[20] This MGM release never materialized.
The Last War was ultimately acquired for distribution in the United States by producers Stanley Meyer and Edward L. Alperson's foreign importing firm,[21] Brenco Pictures Corporation. Stanley Meyer was creatively responsible for Brenco's English dubbed versions of this film, The Human Vapor and Gorath. Reports in The Hollywood Reporter and Variety throughout 1962 illustrate a timeline in which Meyer acquired and started dubbing a Japanese film in June 1962,[22] bought and started dubbing a second Japanese film in October,[23] and then traveled with Alperson to Tokyo in November,[24] presumably to strike a deal for a third Japanese film. There is no mention in trade magazines in 1962 or 1963 of Meyer dubbing a third Japanese film.
The presence of stock footage inserts from Gorath in Brenco's cut of The Human Vapor, stock footage inserts and music from The Last War in Brenco's cut of Gorath, the close timing of the acquisitions, the theatrical release only of Stanley Meyer's English dubs of Gorath and The Human Vapor as a double feature in 1964, and the lack of any announcement of a third Stanley Meyer dub of a Japanese film throughout 1962 and 1963 suggests several possible conclusions regarding the timeline of Brenco's work on their Toho films: that The Human Vapor was acquired first, Gorath was acquired second and used to pad The Human Vapor, The Last War was acquired third while the editing of Gorath was still in progress and used to pad the film, and that Brenco put their Americanization of The Last War on hiatus until after multiple unsuccessful test screenings, previews and recuts of Gorath and an underwhelming box office performance for their double feature in its initial territories of Southern California, Arizona and Hawaii, which led to the decision to pull the package in November 1964 and delay expansion to other territories.
Stanley Meyer either rejected or was not supplied the international English dub of The Last War [25] and signed prolific voice actor Marvin Miller on to dub the film. In late November 1964 Meyer challenged Miller to dub all 51 male speaking roles - a record for the time - to which Miller acquiesced.[26] Like his previous English dubs, Meyer heavily cut the film and in the process removed 31 minutes.
The film was restructured to be told in flashback by Takano, during the Kasagi Maru's doomed return voyage to Tokyo, a narrative technique also used for Brenco's version of The Human Vapor and many other previous Americanizations of Toho films. Several subplots were removed, namely the entire character of Watkins and his interactions with the Tamura family, Mokichi at his job at the press center and his investments in the stock market, Prime Minister Masaki's poor health condition, and casual discussion between the staff at the Federal Army Missile Base. Japanese customs that would appear unfamiliar to U.S. audiences, such as Children's Day, were given mild exposition in the narration by Takano. Many scenes that were left silent in Toho's version were scored with repeats of other cues from the soundtrack, most often the main title cue. The Japanese folk song "New Year's Day", sung by the children at Sanae's daycare, was replaced with the Sherman Brothers' song "It's a Small World." An excerpt of a speech by former U.S. President John F. Kennedy was used as an analogue for the ending text in Toho's version.
In November 1968, Brenco's version of The Last War was shown at two drive-in theaters in Bakersfield, California as the headliner of a triple feature with Fernando Lamas' The Violent Ones and an unreported third film. No other theatrical screenings have been identified.[27][28]
Brenco's distribution rights and film elements were acquired by Heritage Enterprises, and they entered the film into U.S. television syndication, with the earliest known TV listings appearing in 1975.[29] Video Gems released Brenco's edited version of the film to VHS and Betamax in 1985, which remain the only official home video releases of the film in the United States to this day. The streaming and home video rights currently rest, ironically, with MGM through the Brenco films' inclusion in the Samuel Goldwyn library.
Box office
The Last War earned ¥284.99 million in distributor rentals during its 1961 theatrical run, making it Toho's third-highest-earning film of the year and the tenth-highest-earning Japanese film of the year.[1]
Video releases
Video Gems VHS (1985)
- Tapes: 1
- Audio: English
Toho VHS (1991)
- Tapes: 1
- Audio: Japanese
Toho DVD (2004/2015)
- Region: 2
- Discs: 1
- Audio: Japanese
- Subtitles: Japanese
- Special features: Audio commentary by Shue Matsubayashi, export trailer, gallery of stills and the theatrical pamphlet
- Notes: The 2015 re-release includes an 8-page booklet; it is unclear if the 2004 release does as well.[30]
Though The Last War is not available on Blu-ray, an HD version of the film can be rented or purchased on the Japanese version of Prime Video.
Videos
|
Trivia
- A portion of a scene involving the Tamura family in the process of being filmed was featured in Cheers, Mr. Awamori!, which was released simultaneously as The Last War's co-feature.
- Stock footage from The Last War, particularly from the film's climax, was used in many subsequent Toho films, including Frankenstein vs. Baragon (1965), Godzilla vs. Gigan (1972), Prophecies of Nostradamus (1974), The War in Space (1977), The Return of Godzilla (1984), and Godzilla vs. Destoroyah (1995), as well as the final episode of the Tsuburaya Productions series Ultraseven in 1968.
References
This is a list of references for The Last War. These citations are used to identify the reliable sources on which this article is based. These references appear inside articles in the form of superscript numbers, which look like this: [1]
|
Bibliography
- Aoki, Shinya, ed. (23 May 2012). The Complete 85-Installment History of Kinema Junpo's Best Ten: 1924-2011. Kinema Junpo. ISBN 978-4873767550.
- Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Vol. 50 no. 362. 28 December 1961 – via Newspapers.com.
|volume=has extra text (help) - Ragone, August (6 May 2014). Eiji Tsuburaya: Master of Monsters (paperback ed.). Chronicle Books LLC. ISBN 1452135398.
- Ishikawa, Eugene; Hirai, Yutaro, eds. (28 September 2012). Toho Special Effects Movie Complete Works. villagebooks. ISBN 4-864-91013-8.
- Asai, Kazuyasu. "World War III: Tokyo's Last Day (2nd draft 1960), The Last War (final draft 1961)". In Ishikawa & Hirai (2012), p. 60.
- Suzuki, Yoshitaka. "Secret Shooting Stories: Special Edition - The Lost Project World War III". In Ishikawa & Hirai (2012), p. 60.
- The Honolulu Advertiser. No. 53, 713. 7 May 1962 – via Newspapers.com.
- "FILMS COMPLETELY DUBBED IN ENGLISH". Toho Films 1962. Toho. c. 1962.
- Furtaw, Julia C., ed. (1992). The Video Source Book. Volume 1: Video Program Listings A-M (13th ed.). Gale Research Inc. p. 1459. ISBN 0-8103-7757-8.
|volume=has extra text (help)
|
| ||
Comments
Showing 15 comments. When commenting, please remain respectful of other users, stay on topic, and avoid role-playing and excessive punctuation. Comments which violate these guidelines may be removed by administrators.
|
|
|
